我试图在亚马逊上构build一个Custom Centos 5 AMI，并在启动时引起内核恐慌。 我花了差不多一个星期的时间，我无法弄清楚什么是错的。
我遵循以下配方： http : //blog.maclawran.ca/gotchas-porting-centos-58-from-virtualbox-to
我也尝试了其他类似的食谱在互联网上有相同的结果。 我从上面的配方中唯一改变的是：
步骤非常多，如下所示：
EC2系统日志
Xen Minimal OS! start_info: 0xac4000(VA) nr_pages: 0x26700 shared_inf: 0xbfa11000(MA) pt_base: 0xac7000(VA) nr_pt_frames: 0x9 mfn_list: 0x990000(VA) mod_start: 0x0(VA) mod_len: 0 flags: 0x0 cmd_line: root=/dev/sda1 ro 4 stack: 0x94f860-0x96f860 MM: Init _text: 0x0(VA) _etext: 0x5ffbd(VA) _erodata: 0x78000(VA) _edata: 0x80ae0(VA) stack start: 0x94f860(VA) _end: 0x98fe68(VA) start_pfn: ad3 max_pfn: 26700 Mapping memory range 0xc00000 - 0x26700000 setting 0x0-0x78000 readonly skipped 0x1000 MM: Initialise page allocator for c01000(c01000)-26700000(26700000) MM: done Demand map pfns at 26701000-2026701000. Heap resides at 2026702000-4026702000. Initialising timer interface Initialising console ... done. gnttab_table mapped at 0x26701000. Initialising scheduler Thread "Idle": pointer: 0x2026702010, stack: 0x26640000 Initialising xenbus Thread "xenstore": pointer: 0x20267027c0, stack: 0x26650000 Dummy main: start_info=0x96f960 Thread "main": pointer: 0x2026702f70, stack: 0x26660000 "main" "root=/dev/sda1" "ro" "4" vbd 2049 is hd0 ******************* BLKFRONT for device/vbd/2049 ********** backend at /local/domain/0/backend/vbd/2087/2049 Failed to read /local/domain/0/backend/vbd/2087/2049/feature-barrier. Failed to read /local/domain/0/backend/vbd/2087/2049/feature-flush-cache. 16777216 sectors of 512 bytes ************************** Press `ESC' to enter the menu... 1 Press `ESC' to enter the menu... 0 [H [J Booting 'CentOS (2.6.18-348.2.1.el5)' root (hd0,0) Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0x83 kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.18-348.2.1.el5xen ro root=LABEL=/ initrd /boot/initrd-2.6.18-348.2.1.el5xenec2.img xc_dom_probe_bzimage_kernel: kernel is not a bzImage close blk: backend at /local/domain/0/backend/vbd/2087/2049 Bootdata ok (command line is ro root=LABEL=/) Linux version 2.6.18-348.2.1.el5xen ([email protected]) (gcc version 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-54)) #1 SMP Tue Mar 5 17:05:33 EST 2013 BIOS-provided physical RAM map: Xen: 0000000000000000 - 0000000026f00000 (usable) No mptable found. Built 1 zonelists. Total pages: 155531 Kernel command line: ro root=LABEL=/ Initializing CPU#0 PID hash table entries: 4096 (order: 12, 32768 bytes) Xen reported: 2666.746 MHz processor. Console: colour dummy device 80x25 Dentry cache hash table entries: 131072 (order: 8, 1048576 bytes) Inode-cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 7, 524288 bytes) Software IO TLB disabled Memory: 602796k/637952k available (2559k kernel code, 26616k reserved, 1762k data, 196k init) Calibrating delay using timer specific routine.. 6688.32 BogoMIPS (lpj=13376641) Security Framework v1.0.0 initialized SELinux: Initializing. selinux_register_security: Registering secondary module capability Capability LSM initialized as secondary Mount-cache hash table entries: 256 CPU: L1 I cache: 32K, L1 D cache: 32K CPU: L2 cache: 6144K CPU: Physical Processor ID: 0 CPU: Processor Core ID: 3 (SMP-)alternatives turned off Brought up 1 CPUs checking if image is initramfs... it is Grant table initialized NET: Registered protocol family 16 Brought up 1 CPUs PCI: setting up Xen PCI frontend stub ACPI: Interpreter disabled. Linux Plug and Play Support v0.97 (c) Adam Belay pnp: PnP ACPI: disabled xen_mem: Initialising balloon driver. usbcore: registered new driver usbfs usbcore: registered new driver hub PCI: System does not support PCI PCI: System does not support PCI NetLabel: Initializing NetLabel: domain hash size = 128 NetLabel: protocols = UNLABELED CIPSOv4 NetLabel: unlabeled traffic allowed by default NET: Registered protocol family 2 IP route cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 6, 262144 bytes) TCP established hash table entries: 131072 (order: 9, 2097152 bytes) TCP bind hash table entries: 65536 (order: 8, 1048576 bytes) TCP: Hash tables configured (established 131072 bind 65536) TCP reno registered audit: initializing netlink socket (disabled) type=2000 audit(1363277397.008:1): initialized VFS: Disk quotas dquot_6.5.1 Dquot-cache hash table entries: 512 (order 0, 4096 bytes) Initializing Cryptographic API alg: No test for crc32c (crc32c-generic) ksign: Installing public key data Loading keyring - Added public key 1A2C6C3E680FB539 - User ID: CentOS (Kernel Module GPG key) io scheduler noop registered io scheduler anticipatory registered io scheduler deadline registered io scheduler cfq registered (default) pci_hotplug: PCI Hot Plug PCI Core version: 0.5 rtc: IRQ 8 is not free. Non-volatile memory driver v1.2 Linux agpgart interface v0.101 (c) Dave Jones brd: module loaded Xen virtual console successfully installed as xvc0 Bootdata ok (command line is ro root=LABEL=/) Linux version 2.6.18-348.2.1.el5xen ([email protected]) (gcc version 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-54)) #1 SMP Tue Mar 5 17:05:33 EST 2013 BIOS-provided physical RAM map: Xen: 0000000000000000 - 0000000026f00000 (usable) No mptable found. Built 1 zonelists. Total pages: 155531 Kernel command line: ro root=LABEL=/ Initializing CPU#0 PID hash table entries: 4096 (order: 12, 32768 bytes) Xen reported: 2666.746 MHz processor. Console: colour dummy device 80x25 Dentry cache hash table entries: 131072 (order: 8, 1048576 bytes) Inode-cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 7, 524288 bytes) Software IO TLB disabled Memory: 602796k/637952k available (2559k kernel code, 26616k reserved, 1762k data, 196k init) Calibrating delay using timer specific routine.. 6688.32 BogoMIPS (lpj=13376641) Security Framework v1.0.0 initialized SELinux: Initializing. selinux_register_security: Registering secondary module capability Capability LSM initialized as secondary Mount-cache hash table entries: 256 CPU: L1 I cache: 32K, L1 D cache: 32K CPU: L2 cache: 6144K CPU: Physical Processor ID: 0 CPU: Processor Core ID: 3 (SMP-)alternatives turned off Brought up 1 CPUs checking if image is initramfs... it is Grant table initialized NET: Registered protocol family 16 Brought up 1 CPUs PCI: setting up Xen PCI frontend stub ACPI: Interpreter disabled. Linux Plug and Play Support v0.97 (c) Adam Belay pnp: PnP ACPI: disabled xen_mem: Initialising balloon driver. usbcore: registered new driver usbfs usbcore: registered new driver hub PCI: System does not support PCI PCI: System does not support PCI NetLabel: Initializing NetLabel: domain hash size = 128 NetLabel: protocols = UNLABELED CIPSOv4 NetLabel: unlabeled traffic allowed by default NET: Registered protocol family 2 IP route cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 6, 262144 bytes) TCP established hash table entries: 131072 (order: 9, 2097152 bytes) TCP bind hash table entries: 65536 (order: 8, 1048576 bytes) TCP: Hash tables configured (established 131072 bind 65536) TCP reno registered audit: initializing netlink socket (disabled) type=2000 audit(1363277397.008:1): initialized VFS: Disk quotas dquot_6.5.1 Dquot-cache hash table entries: 512 (order 0, 4096 bytes) Initializing Cryptographic API alg: No test for crc32c (crc32c-generic) ksign: Installing public key data Loading keyring - Added public key 1A2C6C3E680FB539 - User ID: CentOS (Kernel Module GPG key) io scheduler noop registered io scheduler anticipatory registered io scheduler deadline registered io scheduler cfq registered (default) pci_hotplug: PCI Hot Plug PCI Core version: 0.5 rtc: IRQ 8 is not free. Non-volatile memory driver v1.2 Linux agpgart interface v0.101 (c) Dave Jones brd: module loaded Xen virtual console successfully installed as xvc0 Event-channel device installed. Uniform Multi-Platform E-IDE driver Revision: 7.00alpha2 ide: Assuming 50MHz system bus speed for PIO modes; override with idebus=xx ide-floppy driver 0.99.newide usbcore: registered new driver hiddev usbcore: registered new driver usbhid drivers/usb/input/hid-core.c: v2.6:USB HID core driver PNP: No PS/2 controller found. Probing ports directly. i8042.c: No controller found. mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice md: md driver 0.90.3 MAX_MD_DEVS=256, MD_SB_DISKS=27 md: bitmap version 4.39 TCP bic registered Initializing IPsec netlink socket NET: Registered protocol family 1 NET: Registered protocol family 17 XENBUS: Device with no driver: device/vbd/2049 XENBUS: Device with no driver: device/vif/0 XENBUS: Device with no driver: device/console/0 Initalizing network drop monitor service Write protecting the kernel read-only data: 506k Red Hat nash version 5.1.19.6 starting Mounting proc filesystem Mounting sysfs filesystem Creating /dev Creating initial device nodes Setting up hotplug. Creating block device nodes. Loading ehci-hcd.ko module Loading ohci-hcd.ko module Loading uhci-hcd.ko module USB Universal Host Controller Interface driver v3.0 Loading scsi_mod.ko module SCSI subsystem initialized Loading sd_mod.ko module Loading libata.ko module Loading ata_piix.ko module Loading ahci.ko module Loading dm-mem-cache.ko module Loading dm-mod.ko module device-mapper: uevent: version 1.0.3 device-mapper: ioctl: 4.11.6-ioctl (2011-02-18) initialised: [email protected] Loading dm-log.ko module Loading dm-region_hash.ko module Loading dm-message.ko module Loading dm-raid45.ko module device-mapper: dm-raid45: initialized v0.2594l Loading xenblk.ko module Registering block device major 8 register_blkdev: cannot get major 8 for sd xen_blk: can't get major 8 with name sd vbd vbd-2049: 19 xlvbd_add at /local/domain/0/backend/vbd/2087/2049 Loading xennet.ko module netfront: Initialising virtual ethernet driver. netfront: device eth0 has copying receive path. Waiting for driver initialization. Scanning and configuring dmraid supported devices Creating root device. mkrootdev: expected fs options Mounting root filesystem. mount: missing mount point Setting up other filesystems. Setting up new root fs setuproot: moving /dev failed: No such file or directory no fstab.sys, mounting internal defaults setuproot: error mounting /proc: No such file or directory setuproot: error mounting /sys: No such file or directory Switching to new root and running init. unmounting old /dev unmounting old /proc unmounting old /sys switchroot: mount failed: No such file or directory Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init! /boot/grub/grub.conf文件
default=0 timeout=2 hiddenmenu title CentOS (2.6.18-348.2.1.el5) root (hd0,0) kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.18-348.2.1.el5xen ro root=LABEL=/ initrd /boot/initrd-2.6.18-348.2.1.el5xenec2.img
/ etc / fstab文件
LABEL=/ / ext4 defaults 1 1 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
AMI设置：
Root Device: /dev/sda1 Kernel ID: aki-8b655dff Architecture: x86_64 Root Device Type: ebs Image Size: 8 GiB Block Devices: /dev/sda1=snap-4dfffb65:8:true:standard
实例设置：
Root Device: sda1 Block Devices: sda1
init脚本里面的/boot/initrd-2.6.18-348.2.1.el5xenec2.img
#!/bin/nash mount -t proc /proc /proc setquiet echo Mounting proc filesystem echo Mounting sysfs filesystem mount -t sysfs /sys /sys echo Creating /dev mount -o mode=0755 -t tmpfs /dev /dev mkdir /dev/pts mount -t devpts -o gid=5,mode=620 /dev/pts /dev/pts mkdir /dev/shm mkdir /dev/mapper echo Creating initial device nodes mknod /dev/null c 1 3 mknod /dev/zero c 1 5 mknod /dev/urandom c 1 9 mknod /dev/systty c 4 0 mknod /dev/tty c 5 0 mknod /dev/console c 5 1 mknod /dev/ptmx c 5 2 mknod /dev/rtc c 10 135 mknod /dev/tty0 c 4 0 mknod /dev/tty1 c 4 1 mknod /dev/tty2 c 4 2 mknod /dev/tty3 c 4 3 mknod /dev/tty4 c 4 4 mknod /dev/tty5 c 4 5 mknod /dev/tty6 c 4 6 mknod /dev/tty7 c 4 7 mknod /dev/tty8 c 4 8 mknod /dev/tty9 c 4 9 mknod /dev/tty10 c 4 10 mknod /dev/tty11 c 4 11 mknod /dev/tty12 c 4 12 mknod /dev/ttyS0 c 4 64 mknod /dev/ttyS1 c 4 65 mknod /dev/ttyS2 c 4 66 mknod /dev/ttyS3 c 4 67 echo Setting up hotplug. hotplug echo Creating block device nodes. mkblkdevs echo "Loading ehci-hcd.ko module" insmod /lib/ehci-hcd.ko echo "Loading ohci-hcd.ko module" insmod /lib/ohci-hcd.ko echo "Loading uhci-hcd.ko module" insmod /lib/uhci-hcd.ko mount -t usbfs /proc/bus/usb /proc/bus/usb echo "Loading scsi_mod.ko module" insmod /lib/scsi_mod.ko echo "Loading sd_mod.ko module" insmod /lib/sd_mod.ko echo "Loading libata.ko module" insmod /lib/libata.ko echo "Loading ata_piix.ko module" insmod /lib/ata_piix.ko echo "Loading ahci.ko module" insmod /lib/ahci.ko echo "Loading dm-mem-cache.ko module" insmod /lib/dm-mem-cache.ko echo "Loading dm-mod.ko module" insmod /lib/dm-mod.ko echo "Loading dm-log.ko module" insmod /lib/dm-log.ko echo "Loading dm-region_hash.ko module" insmod /lib/dm-region_hash.ko echo "Loading dm-message.ko module" insmod /lib/dm-message.ko echo "Loading dm-raid45.ko module" insmod /lib/dm-raid45.ko echo "Loading xenblk.ko module" insmod /lib/xenblk.ko echo "Loading xennet.ko module" insmod /lib/xennet.ko echo Waiting for driver initialization. stabilized --hash --interval 1000 /proc/scsi/scsi mkblkdevs echo Scanning and configuring dmraid supported devices echo Creating root device. mkrootdev -t -o defaults,ro echo Mounting root filesystem. mount /sysroot echo Setting up other filesystems. setuproot echo Switching to new root and running init. switchroot
任何帮助是极大的赞赏
古斯塔沃
这两点之间是你的线索
mkrootdev: expected fs options ... switchroot: mount failed: No such file or directory Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init!
自举程序已经将内核加载到内存中并解压initrd。 init进程已经启动并尝试挂载永久存储（即：根文件系统），此时initramfs将被卸载并从永久存储继续引导。
你的initrd不能挂载根文件系统，所以init死了，所以你的内核恐慌。
我会尝试分离/和/启动到单独的分区，并使用ext3。 我对亚马逊或VirtualBox了解不多，但我确实知道Red Hat将不支持EL5上的ext4根文件系统，所以这不是一个预期的或testing过的用例。