如何重新启动服务器并将其连接到现有群集？

我有三个Nginx服务器+ php7 + memcache + Cluster Galera + Mariadb + Monit。

一切正常，三者都连接在一起。

但是，如果我现在想编辑my.cnf文件来播放利用的RAM或连接数。

我无法使单个服务器连接到仍在群集中的其他两台服务器。

• 数据库文件和系统交换空间在同一个磁盘上？
• 我应该在node.js应用程序中写入我的数据库凭据？
• 我应该使用云端SQL在我的MySQL数据库上启用SSL吗？
• 在哪个文件夹下我应该坚持一个非用户特定的数据库？
• ndb_mgmd守护程序不会启动

当开始Mariadb时：

 sudo systemctl start mysql 

给这个错误：

 Job for mariadb.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status mariadb.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details. 

my.cnf文件：

 # MariaDB database server configuration file. # # You can copy this file to one of: # - "/etc/mysql/my.cnf" to set global options, # - "~/.my.cnf" to set user-specific options. # # One can use all long options that the program supports. # Run program with --help to get a list of available options and with # --print-defaults to see which it would actually understand and use. # # For explanations see # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/server-system-variables.html # This will be passed to all mysql clients # It has been reported that passwords should be enclosed with ticks/quotes # escpecially if they contain "#" chars... # Remember to edit /etc/mysql/debian.cnf when changing the socket location. [client] port = 3306 socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock # Here is entries for some specific programs # The following values assume you have at least 32M ram # This was formally known as [safe_mysqld]. Both versions are currently parsed. [mysqld_safe] socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock nice = 0 [mysqld] # # * Basic Settings # user = mysql pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock port = 3306 basedir = /usr datadir = /var/lib/mysql tmpdir = /tmp lc_messages_dir = /usr/share/mysql lc_messages = en_US skip-external-locking # # Instead of skip-networking the default is now to listen only on # localhost which is more compatible and is not less secure. bind-address = 127.0.0.1 # # * Fine Tuning # max_connections = 100 connect_timeout = 5 wait_timeout = 600 max_allowed_packet = 16M thread_cache_size = 128 sort_buffer_size = 4M bulk_insert_buffer_size = 16M tmp_table_size = 32M max_heap_table_size = 32M # # * MyISAM # # This replaces the startup script and checks MyISAM tables if needed # the first time they are touched. On error, make copy and try a repair. myisam_recover_options = BACKUP key_buffer_size = 128M #open-files-limit = 2000 table_open_cache = 400 myisam_sort_buffer_size = 512M concurrent_insert = 2 read_buffer_size = 2M read_rnd_buffer_size = 1M # # * Query Cache Configuration # # Cache only tiny result sets, so we can fit more in the query cache. query_cache_limit = 128K query_cache_size = 64M # for more write intensive setups, set to DEMAND or OFF #query_cache_type = DEMAND # # * Logging and Replication # # Both location gets rotated by the cronjob. # Be aware that this log type is a performance killer. # As of 5.1 you can enable the log at runtime! #general_log_file = /var/log/mysql/mysql.log #general_log = 1 # # Error logging goes to syslog due to /etc/mysql/conf.d/mysqld_safe_syslog.cnf. # # we do want to know about network errors and such log_warnings = 2 # # Enable the slow query log to see queries with especially long duration #slow_query_log[={0|1}] slow_query_log_file = /var/log/mysql/mariadb-slow.log long_query_time = 10 #log_slow_rate_limit = 1000 log_slow_verbosity = query_plan #log-queries-not-using-indexes #log_slow_admin_statements # # The following can be used as easy to replay backup logs or for replication. # note: if you are setting up a replication slave, see README.Debian about # other settings you may need to change. #server-id = 1 #report_host = master1 #auto_increment_increment = 2 #auto_increment_offset = 1 log_bin = /var/log/mysql/mariadb-bin log_bin_index = /var/log/mysql/mariadb-bin.index # not fab for performance, but safer #sync_binlog = 1 expire_logs_days = 10 max_binlog_size = 100M # slaves #relay_log = /var/log/mysql/relay-bin #relay_log_index = /var/log/mysql/relay-bin.index #relay_log_info_file = /var/log/mysql/relay-bin.info #log_slave_updates #read_only # # If applications support it, this stricter sql_mode prevents some # mistakes like inserting invalid dates etc. #sql_mode = NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,TRADITIONAL # # * InnoDB # # InnoDB is enabled by default with a 10MB datafile in /var/lib/mysql/. # Read the manual for more InnoDB related options. There are many! default_storage_engine = InnoDB # you can't just change log file size, requires special procedure #innodb_log_file_size = 50M innodb_buffer_pool_size = 256M innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M innodb_file_per_table = 1 innodb_open_files = 400 innodb_io_capacity = 400 innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT # # * Security Features # # Read the manual, too, if you want chroot! # chroot = /var/lib/mysql/ # # For generating SSL certificates I recommend the OpenSSL GUI "tinyca". # # ssl-ca=/etc/mysql/cacert.pem # ssl-cert=/etc/mysql/server-cert.pem # ssl-key=/etc/mysql/server-key.pem # # * Galera-related settings # [galera] # Mandatory settings #wsrep_on=ON #wsrep_provider= #wsrep_cluster_address= #binlog_format=row #default_storage_engine=InnoDB #innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2 # # Allow server to accept connections on all interfaces. # #bind-address=0.0.0.0 # # Optional setting #wsrep_slave_threads=1 #innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0 [mysqldump] quick quote-names max_allowed_packet = 16M [mysql] #no-auto-rehash # faster start of mysql but no tab completion [isamchk] key_buffer = 16M # # * IMPORTANT: Additional settings that can override those from this file! # The files must end with '.cnf', otherwise they'll be ignored. # !includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/ 

/etc/mysql/conf.d/galera.cnf

 [mysqld] binlog_format=ROW default-storage-engine=innodb innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2 bind-address=0.0.0.0 # Galera Provider Configuration wsrep_on=ON wsrep_provider=/usr/lib/galera/libgalera_smm.so # Galera Cluster Configuration wsrep_cluster_name="test_cluster" wsrep_cluster_address="gcomm://111.111.111.11,111.111.1.12,111.111.1.13" # Galera Synchronization Configuration wsrep_sst_method=rsync # Galera Node Configuration wsrep_node_address="111.111.111.11" wsrep_node_name="Cluster_Singapure_SGP1" 

错误：

 [....] Starting mysql (via systemctl): mysql.serviceJob for mariadb.service failed because a timeout was exceeded. See "systemctl status mariadb.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details. failed! root@ClusterLondonLON1:~# systemctl status mariadb.service ● mariadb.service - MariaDB database server Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Drop-In: /etc/systemd/system/mariadb.service.d └─migrated-from-my.cnf-settings.conf Active: failed (Result: timeout) since Tue 2017-02-07 21:29:14 UTC; 30s ago Process: 2879 ExecStartPost=/bin/sh -c systemctl unset-environment _WSREP_START_POSITION (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 2875 ExecStartPost=/etc/mysql/debian-start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 2134 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld $MYSQLD_OPTS $_WSREP_NEW_CLUSTER $_WSREP_START_POSITION (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 5549 ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c [ ! -e /usr/bin/galera_recovery ] && VAR= || VAR=`/usr/bin/galera_recovery`; [ $? -eq 0 ] && systemctl set-environment _WSREP_START_POSITION=$VAR || Process: 5542 ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c systemctl unset-environment _WSREP_START_POSITION (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 5538 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/install -m 755 -o mysql -g root -d /var/run/mysqld (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 2134 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Tasks: 0 Memory: 160.0K CPU: 456ms CGroup: /system.slice/mariadb.service Feb 07 21:27:44 ClusterLondonLON1 systemd[1]: Starting MariaDB database server... Feb 07 21:27:45 ClusterLondonLON1 mysqld[5549]: 2017-02-07 21:27:45 140543440165120 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 10.1.21-MariaDB-1~xenial) starting as process 5737 ... Feb 07 21:29:14 ClusterLondonLON1 systemd[1]: mariadb.service: Start-pre operation timed out. Terminating. Feb 07 21:29:14 ClusterLondonLON1 systemd[1]: Failed to start MariaDB database server. Feb 07 21:29:14 ClusterLondonLON1 systemd[1]: mariadb.service: Unit entered failed state. Feb 07 21:29:14 ClusterLondonLON1 systemd[1]: mariadb.service: Failed with result 'timeout'. 

错误Mariadb：

 ● mariadb.service - MariaDB database server Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Drop-In: /etc/systemd/system/mariadb.service.d └─migrated-from-my.cnf-settings.conf Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Thu 2017-02-09 23:54:56 UTC; 9s ago Process: 19840 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld $MYSQLD_OPTS $_WSREP_NEW_CLUSTER $_WSREP_START_POSITION (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE) Process: 19537 ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c [ ! -e /usr/bin/galera_recovery ] && VAR= || VAR=`/usr/bin/galera_recovery`; [ $? -eq 0 ] && systemctl set-environment _WSREP_START_POSITION=$VAR || Process: 19530 ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c systemctl unset-environment _WSREP_START_POSITION (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 19526 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/install -m 755 -o mysql -g root -d /var/run/mysqld (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 19840 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE) Status: "MariaDB server is down" Feb 09 23:54:55 ClusterSingapureSGP1ApSoutheast1 mysqld[19840]: 2017-02-09 23:54:55 139691639642368 [Note] WSREP: Start replication Feb 09 23:54:55 ClusterSingapureSGP1ApSoutheast1 mysqld[19840]: 2017-02-09 23:54:55 139691639642368 [Note] WSREP: 'wsrep-new-cluster' option used, bootstrapping the cluster Feb 09 23:54:55 ClusterSingapureSGP1ApSoutheast1 mysqld[19840]: 2017-02-09 23:54:55 139691639642368 [Note] WSREP: Setting initial position to 195e675b-eb86-11e6-a890-4ba496b286e7:311911 Feb 09 23:54:55 ClusterSingapureSGP1ApSoutheast1 mysqld[19840]: 2017-02-09 23:54:55 139691639642368 [ERROR] WSREP: It may not be safe to bootstrap the cluster from this node. It was not the las Feb 09 23:54:55 ClusterSingapureSGP1ApSoutheast1 mysqld[19840]: 2017-02-09 23:54:55 139691639642368 [ERROR] WSREP: wsrep::connect(gcomm://111.222.333.44,111.222.33.43,11.222.33.321) failed: 7 Feb 09 23:54:55 ClusterSingapureSGP1ApSoutheast1 mysqld[19840]: 2017-02-09 23:54:55 139691639642368 [ERROR] Aborting Feb 09 23:54:56 ClusterSingapureSGP1ApSoutheast1 systemd[1]: mariadb.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE Feb 09 23:54:56 ClusterSingapureSGP1ApSoutheast1 systemd[1]: Failed to start MariaDB database server. Feb 09 23:54:56 ClusterSingapureSGP1ApSoutheast1 systemd[1]: mariadb.service: Unit entered failed state. Feb 09 23:54:56 ClusterSingapureSGP1ApSoutheast1 systemd[1]: mariadb.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'. 

错误启动群集：

 root@ClusterSingapureSGP1ApSoutheast1:~# mysqld --wsrep-new-cluster 2017-02-10 0:00:10 140210296817920 [Note] mysqld (mysqld 10.1.21-MariaDB-1~xenial) starting as process 21744 ... 2017-02-10 0:00:10 140210296817920 [Note] WSREP: Read nil XID from storage engines, skipping position init 2017-02-10 0:00:10 140210296817920 [Note] WSREP: wsrep_load(): loading provider library '/usr/lib/galera/libgalera_smm.so' 2017-02-10 0:00:10 140210296817920 [Note] WSREP: wsrep_load(): Galera 25.3.19(r3667) by Codership Oy <[email protected]> loaded successfully. 2017-02-10 0:00:10 140210296817920 [Note] WSREP: CRC-32C: using hardware acceleration. 2017-02-10 0:00:10 140210296817920 [Note] WSREP: Found saved state: 195e675b-eb86-11e6-a890-4ba496b286e7:-1, safe_to_bootsrap: 0 2017-02-10 0:00:10 140210296817920 [Note] WSREP: Passing config to GCS: base_dir = /var/lib/mysql/; base_host = 188.166.206.22; base_port = 4567; cert.log_conflicts = no; debug = no; evs.auto_evict = 0; evs.delay_margin = PT1S; evs.delayed_keep_period = PT30S; evs.inactive_check_period = PT0.5S; evs.inactive_timeout = PT15S; evs.join_retrans_period = PT1S; evs.max_install_timeouts = 3; evs.send_window = 4; evs.stats_report_period = PT1M; evs.suspect_timeout = PT5S; evs.user_send_window = 2; evs.view_forget_timeout = PT24H; gcache.dir = /var/lib/mysql/; gcache.keep_pages_size = 0; gcache.mem_size = 0; gcache.name = /var/lib/mysql//galera.cache; gcache.page_size = 128M; gcache.recover = no; gcache.size = 128M; gcomm.thread_prio = ; gcs.fc_debug = 0; gcs.fc_factor = 1.0; gcs.fc_limit = 16; gcs.fc_master_slave = no; gcs.max_packet_size = 64500; gcs.max_throttle = 0.25; gcs.recv_q_hard_limit = 9223372036854775807; gcs.recv_q_soft_limit = 0.25; gcs.sync_donor = no; gmcast.segment = 0; gmcast.version = 0; pc.announce_timeout = PT3S; pc.checksum = false; pc 2017-02-10 0:00:10 140210296817920 [Note] WSREP: GCache history reset: old(195e675b-eb86-11e6-a890-4ba496b286e7:0) -> new(195e675b-eb86-11e6-a890-4ba496b286e7:-1) 2017-02-10 0:00:10 140210296817920 [Note] WSREP: Assign initial position for certification: -1, protocol version: -1 2017-02-10 0:00:10 140210296817920 [Note] WSREP: wsrep_sst_grab() 2017-02-10 0:00:10 140210296817920 [Note] WSREP: Start replication 2017-02-10 0:00:10 140210296817920 [Note] WSREP: 'wsrep-new-cluster' option used, bootstrapping the cluster 2017-02-10 0:00:10 140210296817920 [Note] WSREP: Setting initial position to 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000:-1 2017-02-10 0:00:10 140210296817920 [ERROR] WSREP: It may not be safe to bootstrap the cluster from this node. It was not the last one to leave the cluster and may not contain all the updates. To force cluster bootstrap with this node, edit the grastate.dat file manually and set safe_to_bootstrap to 1 . 2017-02-10 0:00:10 140210296817920 [ERROR] WSREP: wsrep::connect(gcomm://231.143.231.123,123.423.43.123,23.434.23.432) failed: 7 2017-02-10 0:00:10 140210296817920 [ERROR] Aborting