我们有一个运行完全更新的Debian Wheezy(amd64)的小型“自制”服务器。 安装了一个硬盘驱动器:WDC WD6400AAKS。 主板是华硕M4N68T V2。
通常的负载:
恐怕硬盘可能即将失败。 当我跑时,我看到几个地方的预先失败 :
root@SERVER:/tmp# smartctl -a /dev/sda smartctl 5.41 2011-06-09 r3365 [x86_64-linux-3.2.0-4-amd64] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-11 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net === START OF INFORMATION SECTION === Model Family: Western Digital Caviar Blue Serial ATA Device Model: WDC WD6400AAKS-XXXXXXX Serial Number: WD-XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX LU WWN Device Id: 5 0014ee XXXXXXXXXXXXX Firmware Version: 01.03B01 User Capacity: 640,135,028,736 bytes [640 GB] Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show] ATA Version is: 8 ATA Standard is: Exact ATA specification draft version not indicated Local Time is: Mon Oct 28 18:55:27 2013 UTC SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability. SMART support is: Enabled === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION === SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED General SMART Values: Offline data collection status: (0x85) Offline data collection activity was aborted by an interrupting command from host. Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled. Self-test execution status: ( 247) Self-test routine in progress... 70% of test remaining. Total time to complete Offline data collection: (11580) seconds. Offline data collection capabilities: (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate. Auto Offline data collection on/off support. Suspend Offline collection upon new command. Offline surface scan supported. Self-test supported. Conveyance Self-test supported. Selective Self-test supported. SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering power-saving mode. Supports SMART auto save timer. Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported. General Purpose Logging supported. Short self-test routine recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes. Extended self-test routine recommended polling time: ( 136) minutes. Conveyance self-test routine recommended polling time: ( 5) minutes. SCT capabilities: (0x303f) SCT Status supported. SCT Error Recovery Control supported. SCT Feature Control supported. SCT Data Table supported. SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16 Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds: ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE 1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x002f 200 200 051 Pre-fail Always - 0 3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0027 157 146 021 Pre-fail Always - 5108 4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 098 098 000 Old_age Always - 2968 5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 200 200 140 Pre-fail Always - 0 7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x002e 200 200 051 Old_age Always - 0 9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 079 079 000 Old_age Always - 15445 10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 100 051 Old_age Always - 0 11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 100 051 Old_age Always - 0 12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 098 098 000 Old_age Always - 2950 192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 426 193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 2968 194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 111 095 000 Old_age Always - 36 196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0 197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0 198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0030 200 200 000 Old_age Offline - 0 199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0032 200 160 000 Old_age Always - 21716 200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate 0x0008 200 200 051 Old_age Offline - 0 SMART Error Log Version: 1 No Errors Logged SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1 Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error # 1 Short offline Completed without error 00% 15444 - Error SMART Read Selective Self-Test Log failed: scsi error aborted command Smartctl: SMART Selective Self Test Log Read Failed root@SERVER:/tmp#
在一篇教程中,我读到失败前是失败的指示,在另一个教程中,我读到这是不正确的。 你们可以帮我解码smartctl的输出吗?
如果我想确保数据的完整性(每周大约50GB的新数据,我感兴趣的整个时期高达2TB),我应该怎么办? 也许我会用RAID2中的2x2TB鱼子酱黑?
如前所述,“Prefail”文本仅指示条目的types。 而根据入境不是每一个都是一个错误。 例如Spin_Up_Time只是计算驱动器启动的频率,Load_Cycle_Count计算磁头停放的频率。
给我暂停的值是21716处的UDMA_CRC_Error_Count。这可能是由于电缆不良或电缆故障引起的。
如果有表面误差,Reallocated_Sector_Ct,Current_Pending_Sector或Offline_Uncorrectable上升。 它们都是0,所以磁盘可能完全正常。
以下表示还有一个testing仍在运行:
Self-test execution status: ( 247) Self-test routine in progress... 70% of test remaining.
一旦完成,在“SMART自检日志结构”部分应该有另一个条目。 你应该使用长testing(smartctl -t long)来获得有意义的结果。 logging的testing只是一个短的一个。
关于更高的数据完整性:RAID4将需要至less3个磁盘,不再使用(由RAID5取代)。 但在你的情况下,2个磁盘的RAID1或4个磁盘的RAID10将是合适的。 两种模式都可以将可用空间减半,但如果一个驱动器出现故障,则可以保持正常工作。 RAID10具有速度更快的优点,因为它将负载分配到更多的驱动器上,并取决于哪个驱动器即使发生2个故障驱动器也能保持存活。 如果一块磁盘足够快,RAID1也将足够快(写入速度是相同的,读取速度是大数据量的一倍)。
“完成没有错误”
提及预失败的列表显示了其阈值可能出现的错误types。 没有你的最坏的价值超过了门槛。
获取2个磁盘,使用RAID1或4个磁盘并使用RAID10。 没有使用RAID4。