为什么'aptitude safe-upgrade'导致Ubuntu的引导挂在“等待根文件系统”？

我在Amazon EC2上启动了一个Ubuntu EBS实例，使用Ubuntu的最新AMI 10.04 Lucid， ami-ad36fbc4`

在获得实例之后，我运行了命令sudo aptitude safe-upgrade ，它似乎已经将内核从vmlinuz-2.6.32-318-ec2升级到了vmlinuz-2.6.32-340-ec2

现在实例不会启动，它会出现以下错误： Waiting for root file system ...

如果我分离EBS并编辑/boot/grub/menu.lst文件并删除引用vmlinuz-2.6.32-340-ec2的条目，它将重新引导。

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所以问题是：

1. 为什么发生这种情况？
2. 是不是safe-upgrade应该是保守的，不要打破东西？
3. 或者我应该只是不使用安全升级的EC2实例？ 如果是这样，为什么不呢？

ps：在研究这个问题时我读到的一个相关问题是系统引导在等待根文件系统挂起 – 从/ dev / hda恢复成为/ dev / sda的过程 （请参阅第4.8节），但是您可以从menu.lst这些条目由LABEL=cloudimg-rootfs引用，而不是/sda/a和/hda/a

作为参考，grub菜单文件如下：

 title Ubuntu 10.04.3 LTS, kernel 2.6.32-340-ec2 root (hd0) kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-340-ec2 root=LABEL=cloudimg-rootfs ro xencons=hvc0 console=hvc0 initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-340-ec2 title Ubuntu 10.04.3 LTS, kernel 2.6.32-340-ec2 (recovery mode) root (hd0) kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-340-ec2 root=LABEL=cloudimg-rootfs ro single initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-340-ec2 title Ubuntu 10.04.3 LTS, kernel 2.6.32-318-ec2 root (hd0) kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-318-ec2 root=LABEL=cloudimg-rootfs ro xencons=hvc0 console=hvc0 initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-318-ec2 title Ubuntu 10.04.3 LTS, kernel 2.6.32-318-ec2 (recovery mode) root (hd0) kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-318-ec2 root=LABEL=cloudimg-rootfs ro single initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-318-ec2 title Ubuntu 10.04.3 LTS, memtest86+ root (hd0) kernel /boot/memtest86+.bin 

启动控制台看起来像这样（当它挂起）：

 i-3121e5b7 2011-11-27T19:20:03+0000 Xen Minimal OS! start_info: 0xac4000(VA) nr_pages: 0x26700 shared_inf: 0xbb4b2000(MA) pt_base: 0xac7000(VA) nr_pt_frames: 0x9 mfn_list: 0x990000(VA) mod_start: 0x0(VA) mod_len: 0 flags: 0x0 cmd_line: root=/dev/sda1 ro 4 stack: 0x94f860-0x96f860 MM: Init _text: 0x0(VA) _etext: 0x5ff6d(VA) _erodata: 0x78000(VA) _edata: 0x80b00(VA) stack start: 0x94f860(VA) _end: 0x98fe68(VA) start_pfn: ad3 max_pfn: 26700 Mapping memory range 0xc00000 - 0x26700000 setting 0x0-0x78000 readonly skipped 0x1000 MM: Initialise page allocator for c01000(c01000)-26700000(26700000) MM: done Demand map pfns at 26701000-2026701000. Heap resides at 2026702000-4026702000. Initialising timer interface Initialising console ... done. gnttab_table mapped at 0x26701000. Initialising scheduler Thread "Idle": pointer: 0x2026702010, stack: 0x26640000 Initialising xenbus Thread "xenstore": pointer: 0x20267027c0, stack: 0x26650000 Dummy main: start_info=0x96f960 Thread "main": pointer: 0x2026702f70, stack: 0x26660000 "main" "root=/dev/sda1" "ro" "4" vbd 2049 is hd0 ******************* BLKFRONT for device/vbd/2049 ********** backend at /local/domain/0/backend/vbd/526/2049 Failed to read /local/domain/0/backend/vbd/526/2049/feature-barrier. Failed to read /local/domain/0/backend/vbd/526/2049/feature-flush-cache. 16777216 sectors of 512 bytes ************************** [H[J Booting 'Ubuntu 10.04.3 LTS, kernel 2.6.32-340-ec2' root (hd0) Filesystem type is ext2fs, using whole disk kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-340-ec2 root=LABEL=cloudimg-rootfs ro xencons=hvc0 console=hvc0 initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-340-ec2 xc_dom_probe_bzimage_kernel: kernel is not a bzImage close blk: backend at /local/domain/0/backend/vbd/526/2049 [ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset [ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpu [ 0.000000] Linux version 2.6.32-340-ec2 (buildd@yellow) (gcc version 4.4.3 (Ubuntu 4.4.3-4ubuntu5) ) #40-Ubuntu SMP Wed Nov 16 14:36:38 UTC 2011 (Ubuntu 2.6.32-340.40-ec2 2.6.32.46+drm33.20) [ 0.000000] Command line: root=LABEL=cloudimg-rootfs ro xencons=hvc0 console=hvc0 [ 0.000000] KERNEL supported cpus: [ 0.000000] Intel GenuineIntel [ 0.000000] AMD AuthenticAMD [ 0.000000] Centaur CentaurHauls [ 0.000000] Xen-provided physical RAM map: [ 0.000000] Xen: 0000000000000000 - 0000000026f00000 (usable) [ 0.000000] last_pfn = 0x26f00 max_arch_pfn = 0x80000000 [ 0.000000] init_memory_mapping: 0000000000000000-0000000026f00000 [ 0.000000] NX (Execute Disable) protection: active [ 0.000000] RAMDISK: 01844000 - 03293000 [ 0.000000] (3 early reservations) ==> bootmem [0000000000 - 0026700000] [ 0.000000] #0 [0001844000 - 00033e9000] Xen provided ==> [0001844000 - 00033e9000] [ 0.000000] #1 [0001000000 - 00018237b8] TEXT DATA BSS ==> [0001000000 - 00018237b8] [ 0.000000] #2 [00033e9000 - 0003523000] PGTABLE ==> [00033e9000 - 0003523000] [ 0.000000] Zone PFN ranges: [ 0.000000] DMA 0x00000000 -> 0x00001000 [ 0.000000] DMA32 0x00001000 -> 0x00100000 [ 0.000000] Normal 0x00100000 -> 0x00100000 [ 0.000000] Movable zone start PFN for each node [ 0.000000] early_node_map[2] active PFN ranges [ 0.000000] 0: 0x00000000 -> 0x00026700 [ 0.000000] 0: 0x00026f00 -> 0x00026f00 [ 0.000000] NR_CPUS:64 nr_cpumask_bits:64 nr_cpu_ids:1 nr_node_ids:1 [ 0.000000] PERCPU: Embedded 18 pages/cpu @ffff880003298000 s44248 r8192 d21288 u73728 [ 0.000000] pcpu-alloc: s44248 r8192 d21288 u73728 alloc=18*4096 [ 0.000000] pcpu-alloc: [0] 0 [ 0.000000] Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 155259 [ 0.000000] Kernel command line: root=LABEL=cloudimg-rootfs ro xencons=hvc0 console=hvc0 [ 0.000000] PID hash table entries: 4096 (order: 3, 32768 bytes) [ 0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 131072 (order: 8, 1048576 bytes) [ 0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 7, 524288 bytes) [ 0.000000] Initializing CPU#0 [ 0.000000] allocated 6379520 bytes of page_cgroup [ 0.000000] please try 'cgroup_disable=memory' option if you don't want memory cgroups [ 0.000000] Software IO TLB disabled [ 0.000000] Memory: 574464k/637952k available (4836k kernel code, 8192k absent, 54588k reserved, 2084k data, 228k init) [ 0.000000] Hierarchical RCU implementation. [ 0.000000] NR_IRQS:96 [ 0.000000] Xen reported: 2666.760 MHz processor. [ 0.000000] Console: colour dummy device 80x25 [ 0.000000] console [hvc0] enabled [ 0.230003] Calibrating delay using timer specific routine.. 5347.09 BogoMIPS (lpj=26735464) [ 0.230055] Security Framework initialized [ 0.230073] AppArmor: AppArmor initialized [ 0.230089] Mount-cache hash table entries: 256 [ 0.230209] Initializing cgroup subsys ns [ 0.230215] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuacct [ 0.230218] Initializing cgroup subsys memory [ 0.230228] Initializing cgroup subsys devices [ 0.230230] Initializing cgroup subsys freezer [ 0.230259] CPU: L1 I cache: 32K, L1 D cache: 32K [ 0.230262] CPU: L2 cache: 6144K [ 0.230271] SMP alternatives: switching to UP code [ 0.255645] Freeing SMP alternatives: 39k freed [ 0.255834] Brought up 1 CPUs [ 0.255922] devtmpfs: initialized [ 0.256333] NET: Registered protocol family 16 [ 0.256945] Brought up 1 CPUs [ 0.257349] PCI: Fatal: No config space access function found [ 0.257353] PCI: setting up Xen PCI frontend stub [ 0.257605] bio: create slab <bio-0> at 0 [ 0.257681] vgaarb: loaded [ 0.257889] suspend: event channel 9 [ 0.258172] xen_mem: Initialising balloon driver. [ 0.260364] PCI: System does not support PCI [ 0.260368] PCI: System does not support PCI [ 0.260432] NET: Registered protocol family 8 [ 0.260435] NET: Registered protocol family 20 [ 0.260451] NetLabel: Initializing [ 0.260455] NetLabel: domain hash size = 128 [ 0.260456] NetLabel: protocols = UNLABELED CIPSOv4 [ 0.260490] NetLabel: unlabeled traffic allowed by default [ 0.260505] Switching to clocksource xen [ 0.261840] AppArmor: AppArmor Filesystem Enabled [ 0.262007] NET: Registered protocol family 2 [ 0.262083] IP route cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 6, 262144 bytes) [ 0.262363] TCP established hash table entries: 131072 (order: 9, 2097152 bytes) [ 0.263136] TCP bind hash table entries: 65536 (order: 8, 1048576 bytes) [ 0.263553] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 131072 bind 65536) [ 0.263559] TCP reno registered [ 0.263629] NET: Registered protocol family 1 [ 0.263708] platform rtc_cmos: registered platform RTC device (no PNP device found) [ 0.263814] audit: initializing netlink socket (disabled) [ 0.263838] type=2000 audit(1322421419.386:1): initialized [ 0.269569] Trying to unpack rootfs image as initramfs... [ 0.279699] VFS: Disk quotas dquot_6.5.2 [ 0.279731] Dquot-cache hash table entries: 512 (order 0, 4096 bytes) [ 0.279885] DLM (built Nov 16 2011 14:40:41) installed [ 0.279994] JFS: nTxBlock = 4920, nTxLock = 39360 [ 0.289416] SGI XFS with ACLs, security attributes, realtime, large block/inode numbers, no debug enabled [ 0.289643] SGI XFS Quota Management subsystem [ 0.299611] Slow work thread pool: Starting up [ 0.299651] Slow work thread pool: Ready [ 0.299659] GFS2 (built Nov 16 2011 14:41:38) installed [ 0.299675] msgmni has been set to 1230 [ 0.299847] alg: No test for stdrng (krng) [ 0.299858] io scheduler noop registered [ 0.299860] io scheduler anticipatory registered [ 0.299862] io scheduler deadline registered (default) [ 0.299871] io scheduler cfq registered [ 0.314987] Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 4 ports, IRQ sharing enabled [ 0.315818] brd: module loaded [ 0.316148] loop: module loaded [ 0.316216] Xen virtual console successfully installed as hvc0 [ 0.316254] Event-channel device installed. [ 0.324444] Freeing initrd memory: 26940k freed [ 0.338978] netfront: Initialising virtual ethernet driver. [ 0.340057] PPP generic driver version 2.4.2 [ 0.340628] Equalizer2002: Simon Janes ([email protected]) and David S. Miller ([email protected]) [ 0.340767] tun: Universal TUN/TAP device driver, 1.6 [ 0.340769] tun: (C) 1999-2004 Max Krasnyansky <[email protected]> [ 0.341644] i8042.c: No controller found. [ 0.341704] mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice [ 0.341758] rtc_cmos rtc_cmos: rtc core: registered rtc_cmos as rtc0 [ 0.341810] Driver for 1-wire Dallas network protocol. [ 0.341865] device-mapper: uevent: version 1.0.3 [ 0.341932] device-mapper: ioctl: 4.15.0-ioctl (2009-04-01) initialised: [email protected] [ 0.342186] NET: Registered protocol family 17 [ 0.342285] registered taskstats version 1 [ 0.355601] xen-vbd: registered block device major 8 [ 0.440415] XENBUS: Device with no driver: device/console/0 [ 0.440429] /build/buildd/linux-ec2-2.6.32/drivers/rtc/hctosys.c: unable to open rtc device (rtc0) [ 0.440534] Freeing unused kernel memory: 228k freed [ 0.440675] Write protecting the kernel read-only data: 6492k Loading, please wait... [ 0.460565] udev: starting version 151 Begin: Loading essential drivers ... done. Begin: Running /scripts/init-premount ... done. Begin: Mounting root file system ... Begin: Running /scripts/local-top ... done. Begin: Waiting for root file system ...