我有3个服务器，2个Debian和1个Arch。 像往常一样，拱让我努力工作的简单的事情。 这次是fail2ban。
我的安装fail2ban是默认的，它的版本是0.9.3-3。
要testing我的机器是否可以发送邮件，请使用以下命令：
echo "test message" | mailx -s 'test subject' [email protected] 这些电子邮件显示在我的系统日志中使用此命令：
journalctl -u sendmail.service
而电子邮件也到达我的Gmail收件箱。 好东西！
与fail2ban的问题是，当我重新启动我的Debain机器上的服务时，我收到来自我的Arch框的电子邮件，我从来没有收到一封电子邮件，在sendmail日志中我没有看到它正在尝试。
我的jail.local文件：
# WARNING: heavily refactored in 0.9.0 release. Please review and # customize settings for your setup. # # Changes: in most of the cases you should not modify this # file, but provide customizations in jail.local file, # or separate .conf files under jail.d/ directory, eg: # # HOW TO ACTIVATE JAILS: # # YOU SHOULD NOT MODIFY THIS FILE. # # It will probably be overwritten or improved in a distribution update. # # Provide customizations in a jail.local file or a jail.d/customisation.local. # For example to change the default bantime for all jails and to enable the # ssh-iptables jail the following (uncommented) would appear in the .local file. # See man 5 jail.conf for details. # # [DEFAULT] # bantime = 3600 # # [sshd] # enabled = true # # See jail.conf(5) man page for more information # Comments: use '#' for comment lines and ';' (following a space) for inline comments [INCLUDES] #before = paths-distro.conf before = paths-debian.conf # The DEFAULT allows a global definition of the options. They can be overridden # in each jail afterwards. [DEFAULT] # # MISCELLANEOUS OPTIONS # # "ignoreip" can be an IP address, a CIDR mask or a DNS host. Fail2ban will not # ban a host which matches an address in this list. Several addresses can be # defined using space separator. ignoreip = 127.0.0.1/8 # External command that will take an tagged arguments to ignore, eg <ip>, # and return true if the IP is to be ignored. False otherwise. # # ignorecommand = /path/to/command <ip> ignorecommand = # "bantime" is the number of seconds that a host is banned. bantime = 600 # A host is banned if it has generated "maxretry" during the last "findtime" # seconds. findtime = 600 # "maxretry" is the number of failures before a host get banned. maxretry = 5 # "backend" specifies the backend used to get files modification. # Available options are "pyinotify", "gamin", "polling", "systemd" and "auto". # This option can be overridden in each jail as well. # # pyinotify: requires pyinotify (a file alteration monitor) to be installed. # If pyinotify is not installed, Fail2ban will use auto. # gamin: requires Gamin (a file alteration monitor) to be installed. # If Gamin is not installed, Fail2ban will use auto. # polling: uses a polling algorithm which does not require external libraries. # systemd: uses systemd python library to access the systemd journal. # Specifying "logpath" is not valid for this backend. # See "journalmatch" in the jails associated filter config # auto: will try to use the following backends, in order: # pyinotify, gamin, polling. # # Note: if systemd backend is choses as the default but you enable a jail # for which logs are present only in its own log files, specify some other # backend for that jail (eg polling) and provide empty value for # journalmatch. See https://github.com/fail2ban/fail2ban/issues/959#issuecomment-74901200 backend = auto # "usedns" specifies if jails should trust hostnames in logs, # warn when DNS lookups are performed, or ignore all hostnames in logs # # yes: if a hostname is encountered, a DNS lookup will be performed. # warn: if a hostname is encountered, a DNS lookup will be performed, # but it will be logged as a warning. # no: if a hostname is encountered, will not be used for banning, # but it will be logged as info. usedns = warn # "logencoding" specifies the encoding of the log files handled by the jail # This is used to decode the lines from the log file. # Typical examples: "ascii", "utf-8" # # auto: will use the system locale setting logencoding = auto # "enabled" enables the jails. # By default all jails are disabled, and it should stay this way. # Enable only relevant to your setup jails in your .local or jail.d/*.conf # # true: jail will be enabled and log files will get monitored for changes # false: jail is not enabled enabled = false # "filter" defines the filter to use by the jail. # By default jails have names matching their filter name # filter = %(__name__)s # jail.{conf,local,d/*} configuration files. destemail = [email protected] # Sender email address used solely for some actions sender = [email protected] # E-mail action. Since 0.8.1 Fail2Ban uses sendmail MTA for the # mailing. Change mta configuration parameter to mail if you want to # revert to conventional 'mail'. mta = sendmail # Default protocol protocol = tcp # Specify chain where jumps would need to be added in iptables-* actions chain = INPUT # Ports to be banned # Usually should be overridden in a particular jail port = 0:65535 # # Action shortcuts. To be used to define action parameter # Default banning action (eg iptables, iptables-new, # iptables-multiport, shorewall, etc) It is used to define # action_* variables. Can be overridden globally or per # section within jail.local file banaction = iptables-multiport # The simplest action to take: ban only action_ = %(banaction)s[name=%(__name__)s, bantime="%(bantime)s", port="%(port)s", protocol="%(protocol)s", chain="%(chain)s"] # ban & send an e-mail with whois report to the destemail. action_mw = %(banaction)s[name=%(__name__)s, bantime="%(bantime)s", port="%(port)s", protocol="%(protocol)s", chain="%(chain)s"] %(mta)s-whois[name=%(__name__)s, dest="%(destemail)s", protocol="%(protocol)s", chain="%(chain)s"] # ban & send an e-mail with whois report and relevant log lines # to the destemail. action_mwl = %(banaction)s[name=%(__name__)s, bantime="%(bantime)s", port="%(port)s", protocol="%(protocol)s", chain="%(chain)s"] %(mta)s-whois-lines[name=%(__name__)s, dest="%(destemail)s", logpath=%(logpath)s, chain="%(chain)s"] # See the IMPORTANT note in action.d/xarf-login-attack for when to use this action # # ban & send a xarf e-mail to abuse contact of IP address and include relevant log lines # to the destemail. action_xarf = %(banaction)s[name=%(__name__)s, bantime="%(bantime)s", port="%(port)s", protocol="%(protocol)s", chain="%(chain)s"] xarf-login-attack[service=%(__name__)s, sender="%(sender)s", logpath=%(logpath)s, port="%(port)s"] # ban IP on CloudFlare & send an e-mail with whois report and relevant log lines # to the destemail. action_cf_mwl = cloudflare[cfuser="%(cfemail)s", cftoken="%(cfapikey)s"] %(mta)s-whois-lines[name=%(__name__)s, dest="%(destemail)s", logpath=%(logpath)s, chain="%(chain)s"] # Report block via blocklist.de fail2ban reporting service API # # See the IMPORTANT note in action.d/blocklist_de.conf for when to # use this action. Create a file jail.d/blocklist_de.local containing # [Init] # blocklist_de_apikey = {api key from registration] # action_blocklist_de = blocklist_de[email="%(sender)s", service=%(filter)s, apikey="%(blocklist_de_apikey)s"] # Report ban via badips.com, and use as blacklist # # See BadIPsAction docstring in config/action.d/badips.py for # documentation for this action. # # NOTE: This action relies on banaction being present on start and therefore # should be last action defined for a jail. # action_badips = badips.py[category="%(name)s", banaction="%(banaction)s"] # Choose default action. To change, just override value of 'action' with the # interpolation to the chosen action shortcut (eg action_mw, action_mwl, etc) in jail.local # globally (section [DEFAULT]) or per specific section action = %(action_mwl)s # # JAILS # # # SSH servers # [sshd] port = ssh logpath = %(sshd_log)s [sshd-ddos] # This jail corresponds to the standard configuration in Fail2ban. # The mail-whois action send a notification e-mail with a whois request # in the body. port = ssh logpath = %(sshd_log)s [dropbear] port = ssh logpath = %(dropbear_log)s [selinux-ssh] port = ssh logpath = %(auditd_log)s maxretry = 5 # # HTTP servers # [apache-auth] port = http,https logpath = %(apache_error_log)s [apache-badbots] # Ban hosts which agent identifies spamm [apache-auth] port = http,https logpath = %(apache_error_log)s [apache-badbots] # Ban hosts which agent identifies spammer robots crawling the web # for email addresses. The mail outputs are buffered. port = http,https logpath = %(apache_access_log)s bantime = 172800 maxretry = 1 [apache-noscript] port = http,https logpath = %(apache_error_log)s maxretry = 6 [apache-overflows] port = http,https logpath = %(apache_error_log)s maxretry = 2 [apache-nohome] port = http,https logpath = %(apache_error_log)s maxretry = 2 [apache-botsearch] port = http,https logpath = %(apache_error_log)s maxretry = 2 [apache-fakegooglebot] port = http,https logpath = %(apache_access_log)s maxretry = 1 ignorecommand = %(ignorecommands_dir)s/apache-fakegooglebot <ip> [apache-modsecurity] port = http,https logpath = %(apache_error_log)s maxretry = 2 [apache-shellshock] port = http,https logpath = %(apache_error_log)s maxretry = 1 [nginx-http-auth] port = http,https logpath = %(nginx_error_log)s [nginx-botsearch] port = http,https logpath = %(nginx_error_log)s maxretry = 2 # Ban attackers that try to use PHP's URL-fopen() functionality # through GET/POST variables. - Experimental, with more than a year # of usage in production environments. [php-url-fopen] port = http,https logpath = %(nginx_access_log)s %(apache_access_log)s [suhosin] port = http,https logpath = %(suhosin_log)s [lighttpd-auth] # Same as above for Apache's mod_auth # It catches wrong authentifications port = http,https logpath = %(lighttpd_error_log)s # # Webmail and groupware servers # [roundcube-auth] port = http,https logpath = logpath = %(roundcube_errors_log)s [openwebmail] port = http,https logpath = /var/log/openwebmail.log [horde] port = http,https logpath = /var/log/horde/horde.log [groupoffice] port = http,https logpath = /home/groupoffice/log/info.log [sogo-auth] # Monitor SOGo groupware server # without proxy this would be: # port = 20000 port = http,https logpath = /var/log/sogo/sogo.log [tine20] logpath = /var/log/tine20/tine20.log port = http,https maxretry = 5 # # Web Applications # # [drupal-auth] port = http,https logpath = %(syslog_daemon)s [guacamole] port = http,https logpath = /var/log/tomcat*/catalina.out [monit] #Ban clients brute-forcing the monit gui login filter = monit port = 2812 logpath = /var/log/monit [webmin-auth] port = 10000 logpath = %(syslog_authpriv)s [froxlor-auth] port = http,https logpath = %(syslog_authpriv)s # # HTTP Proxy servers # # [squid] port = 80,443,3128,8080 logpath = /var/log/squid/access.log [3proxy] port = 3128 logpath = /var/log/3proxy.log # # FTP servers # [proftpd] port = ftp,ftp-data,ftps,ftps-data logpath = %(proftpd_log)s [pure-ftpd] port = ftp,ftp-data,ftps,ftps-data logpath = %(pureftpd_log)s maxretry = 6 [gssftpd] port = ftp,ftp-data,ftps,ftps-data logpath = %(syslog_daemon)s maxretry = 6 [wuftpd] port = ftp,ftp-data,ftps,ftps-data logpath = %(wuftpd_log)s maxretry = 6 [vsftpd] # or overwrite it in jails.local to be # logpath = %(syslog_authpriv)s # if you want to rely on PAM failed login attempts # vsftpd's failregex should match both of those formats port = ftp,ftp-data,ftps,ftps-data logpath = %(vsftpd_log)s # # Mail servers # # ASSP SMTP Proxy Jail [assp] port = smtp,465,submission logpath = /root/path/to/assp/logs/maillog.txt [courier-smtp] port = smtp,465,submission logpath = %(syslog_mail)s [postfix] port = smtp,465,submission logpath = %(postfix_log)s [postfix-rbl] port = smtp,465,submission logpath = %(syslog_mail)s maxretry = 1 [sendmail-auth] port = submission,465,smtp logpath = %(syslog_mail)s [sendmail-reject] port = smtp,465,submission logpath = %(syslog_mail)s [qmail-rbl] filter = qmail port = smtp,465,submission logpath = /service/qmail/log/main/current # dovecot defaults to logging to the mail syslog facility # but can be set by syslog_facility in the dovecot configuration. [dovecot] port = pop3,pop3s,imap,imaps,submission,465,sieve logpath = %(dovecot_log)s [sieve] port = smtp,465,submission logpath = %(dovecot_log)s [solid-pop3d] port = pop3,pop3s logpath = %(solidpop3d_log)s [exim] port = smtp,465,submission logpath = %(exim_main_log)s [exim-spam] port = smtp,465,submission logpath = %(exim_main_log)s # all relevant ports get banned # [courier-auth] port = smtp,465,submission,imap3,imaps,pop3,pop3s logpath = %(syslog_mail)s [postfix-sasl] port = smtp,465,submission,imap3,imaps,pop3,pop3s # You might consider monitoring /var/log/mail.warn instead if you are # running postfix since it would provide the same log lines at the # "warn" level but overall at the smaller filesize. logpath = %(postfix_log)s [perdition] port = imap3,imaps,pop3,pop3s logpath = %(syslog_mail)s [squirrelmail] port = smtp,465,submission,imap2,imap3,imaps,pop3,pop3s,http,https,socks logpath = /var/lib/squirrelmail/prefs/squirrelmail_access_log [cyrus-imap] port = imap3,imaps logpath = %(syslog_mail)s [uwimap-auth] port = imap3,imaps logpath = %(syslog_mail)s # # # DNS servers # # !!! WARNING !!! # Since UDP is connection-less protocol, spoofing of IP and imitation # of illegal actions is way too simple. Thus enabling of this filter # might provide an easy way for implementing a DoS against a chosen # victim. See # http://nion.modprobe.de/blog/archives/690-fail2ban-+-dns-fail.html # Please DO NOT USE this jail unless you know what you are doing. # # IMPORTANT: see filter.d/named-refused for instructions to enable logging # This jail blocks UDP traffic for DNS requests. # [named-refused-udp] # # filter = named-refused # port = domain,953 # protocol = udp # logpath = /var/log/named/security.log # IMPORTANT: see filter.d/named-refused for instructions to enable logging # This jail blocks TCP traffic for DNS requests. [named-refused] port = domain,953 logpath = /var/log/named/security.log [nsd] port = 53 action = %(banaction)s[name=%(__name__)s-tcp, port="%(port)s", protocol="tcp", chain="%(chain)s", actname=%(banaction)s-tcp] %(banaction)s[name=%(__name__)s-udp, port="%(port)s", protocol="udp", chain="%(chain)s", actname=%(banaction)s-udp] logpath = /var/log/nsd.log # # Miscellaneous # [asterisk] port = 5060,5061 action = %(banaction)s[name=%(__name__)s-tcp, port="%(port)s", protocol="tcp", chain="%(chain)s", actname=%(banaction)s-tcp] %(banaction)s[name=%(__name__)s-udp, port="%(port)s", protocol="udp", chain="%(chain)s", actname=%(banaction)s-udp] %(mta)s-whois[name=%(__name__)s, dest="%(destemail)s"] logpath = /var/log/asterisk/messages maxretry = 10 [freeswitch] port = 5060,5061 action = %(banaction)s[name=%(__name__)s-tcp, port="%(port)s", protocol="tcp", chain="%(chain)s", actname=%(banaction)s-tcp] %(banaction)s[name=%(__name__)s-udp, port="%(port)s", protocol="udp", chain="%(chain)s", actname=%(banaction)s-udp] %(mta)s-whois[name=%(__name__)s, dest="%(destemail)s"] logpath = /var/log/freeswitch.log maxretry = 10 # To log wrong MySQL access attempts add to /etc/my.cnf in [mysqld] or # equivalent section: # log-warning = 2 # # for syslog (daemon facility) # [mysqld_safe] # syslog # # for own logfile # [mysqld] # log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log [mysqld-auth] port = 3306 logpath = %(mysql_log)s maxretry = 5 # Jail for more extended banning of persistent abusers # !!! WARNINGS !!! # 1. Make sure that your loglevel specified in fail2ban.conf/.local # is not at DEBUG level -- which might then cause fail2ban to fall into # an infinite loop constantly feeding itself with non-informative lines # 2. Increase dbpurgeage defined in fail2ban.conf to eg 648000 (7.5 days) # to maintain entries for failed logins for sufficient amount of time [recidive] logpath = /var/log/fail2ban.log banaction = iptables-allports bantime = 604800 ; 1 week findtime = 86400 ; 1 day maxretry = 5 # Generic filter for PAM. Has to be used with action which bans all # ports such as iptables-allports, shorewall [pam-generic] # pam-generic filter can be customized to monitor specific subset of 'tty's banaction = iptables-allports logpath = %(syslog_authpriv)s [xinetd-fail] banaction = iptables-multiport-log logpath = %(syslog_daemon)s maxretry = 2 # stunnel - need to set port for this [stunnel] logpath = /var/log/stunnel4/stunnel.log [ejabberd-auth] port = 5222 logpath = /var/log/ejabberd/ejabberd.log [counter-strike] logpath = /opt/cstrike/logs/L[0-9]*.log # Firewall: http://www.cstrike-planet.com/faq/6 tcpport = 27030,27031,27032,27033,27034,27035,27036,27037,27038,27039 udpport = 1200,27000,27001,27002,27003,27004,27005,27006,27007,27008,27009,27010,27011,27012,27013,27014,27015 action = %(banaction)s[name=%(__name__)s-tcp, port="%(tcpport)s", protocol="tcp", chain="%(chain)s", actname=%(banaction)s-tcp] %(banaction)s[name=%(__name__)s-udp, port="%(udpport)s", protocol="udp", chain="%(chain)s", actname=%(banaction)s-udp] # consider low maxretry and a long bantime # nobody except your own Nagios server should ever probe nrpe [nagios] enabled = false logpath = %(syslog_daemon)s ; nrpe.cfg may define a different log_facility maxretry = 1 [oracleims] # see "oracleims" filter file for configuration requirement for Oracle IMS v6 and above enabled = false logpath = /opt/sun/comms/messaging64/log/mail.log_current maxretry = 6 banaction = iptables-allports [directadmin] enabled = false logpath = /var/log/directadmin/login.log port = 2222 [portsentry] enabled = false logpath = /var/lib/portsentry/portsentry.history maxretry = 1 [pass2allow-ftp] # this pass2allow example allows FTP traffic after successful HTTP authentication port = ftp,ftp-data,ftps,ftps-data # knocking_url variable must be overridden to some secret value in filter.d/apache-pass.local filter = apache-pass # access log of the website with HTTP auth logpath = %(apache_access_log)s blocktype = RETURN returntype = DROP bantime = 3600 maxretry = 1 findtime = 1
和fail2ban.conf文件：
# Fail2Ban main configuration file # # Comments: use '#' for comment lines and ';' (following a space) for inline comments # # Changes: in most of the cases you should not modify this # file, but provide customizations in fail2ban.local file, eg: # # [Definition] # loglevel = DEBUG # [Definition] # Option: loglevel # Notes.: Set the log level output. # CRITICAL # ERROR # WARNING # NOTICE # INFO # DEBUG # Values: [ LEVEL ] Default: ERROR # loglevel = INFO # Option: logtarget # Notes.: Set the log target. This could be a file, SYSLOG, STDERR or STDOUT. # Only one log target can be specified. # If you change logtarget from the default value and you are # using logrotate -- also adjust or disable rotation in the # corresponding configuration file # (eg /etc/logrotate.d/fail2ban on Debian systems) # Values: [ STDOUT | STDERR | SYSLOG | FILE ] Default: STDERR # logtarget = /var/log/fail2ban.log # Option: syslogsocket # Notes: Set the syslog socket file. Only used when logtarget is SYSLOG # auto uses platform.system() to determine predefined paths # Values: [ auto | FILE ] Default: auto syslogsocket = auto # Option: socket # Notes.: Set the socket file. This is used to communicate with the daemon. Do # not remove this file when Fail2ban runs. It will not be possible to # communicate with the server afterwards. # Values: [ FILE ] Default: /var/run/fail2ban/fail2ban.sock # socket = /var/run/fail2ban/fail2ban.sock # Option: pidfile # Notes.: Set the PID file. This is used to store the process ID of the # fail2ban server. # Values: [ FILE ] Default: /var/run/fail2ban/fail2ban.pid # pidfile = /var/run/fail2ban/fail2ban.pid # Options: dbfile # Notes.: Set the file for the fail2ban persistent data to be stored. # A value of ":memory:" means database is only stored in memory # and data is lost when fail2ban is stopped. # A value of "None" disables the database. # Values: [ None :memory: FILE ] Default: /var/lib/fail2ban/fail2ban.sqlite3 dbfile = /var/lib/fail2ban/fail2ban.sqlite3 # Options: dbpurgeage # Notes.: Sets age at which bans should be purged from the database # Values: [ SECONDS ] Default: 86400 (24hours) dbpurgeage = 86400
fail2ban.log
2015-08-23 04:51:11,865 fail2ban.server [11418]: INFO Stopping all jails 2015-08-23 04:51:11,866 fail2ban.server [11418]: INFO Exiting Fail2ban 2015-08-23 04:51:12,237 fail2ban.server [792]: INFO Changed logging target to /var/log/fail2ban.log for Fail2ban v0.9.3 2015-08-23 04:51:12,256 fail2ban.database [792]: INFO Connected to fail2ban persistent database '/var/lib/fail2ban/fail2ban.sqlite3'
我必须sendmail.log但mail.log是空的。
f2b陷阱电子邮件是重要的吗？ 即你使用它们触发其他脚本等，或只是出于兴趣？ 我问，因为有一些较旧的发布有关RH系统，其中f2b不会发送电子邮件。 （外部交换）。
我似乎记得，f2b正在启动一个邮件脚本，参数不是脚本所期望的（引用相关的我认为）。 如果你需要触发其他脚本等考虑替代f2b，否则考虑制作自己的包装脚本将参数发送到文本文件进一步检查