当我尝试启用以下任一设置时，Nginx无法启动。
gzip_vary on; gzip_comp_level 6; Nginx给我下面的错误。
Job for nginx.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status nginx.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
systemctl status nginx.service给了我下面的输出。
● nginx.service - A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Mon 2016-12-26 16:05:32 UTC; 8s ago Docs: man:nginx(8) Process: 9504 ExecStop=/sbin/start-stop-daemon --quiet --stop --retry QUIT/5 --pidfile /run/nginx.pid (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 9481 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx -g daemon on; master_process on; (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
我在Ubuntu 16.04上使用Nginx版本1.11.5
编辑： nginx -V输出：
nginx version: nginx/1.11.5 built with OpenSSL 1.0.2g 1 Mar 2016 TLS SNI support enabled configure arguments: --with-cc-opt='-g -O2 -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2' --with-ld-opt='-Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now' --prefix=/usr/share/nginx --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock --pid-path=/run/nginx.pid --modules-path=/usr/lib/nginx/modules --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/body --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/fastcgi --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/proxy --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/scgi --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/uwsgi --with-debug --with-pcre-jit --with-ipv6 --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_v2_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_slice_module --with-threads --with-http_addition_module --with-http_geoip_module=dynamic --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_image_filter_module=dynamic --with-http_sub_module --with-http_xslt_module=dynamic --with-stream=dynamic --with-stream_ssl_module --with-mail=dynamic --with-mail_ssl_module --add-dynamic-module=/build/nginx-Rrk92d/nginx-1.11.5/debian/modules/nginx-auth-pam --add-module=/build/nginx-Rrk92d/nginx-1.11.5/debian/modules/nginx-dav-ext-module --add-dynamic-module=/build/nginx-Rrk92d/nginx-1.11.5/debian/modules/nginx-echo --add-dynamic-module=/build/nginx-Rrk92d/nginx-1.11.5/debian/modules/nginx-upstream-fair --add-dynamic-module=/build/nginx-Rrk92d/nginx-1.11.5/debian/modules/ngx_http_substitutions_filter_module
这两个命令位于模块ngx_http_gzip_module中，不会被编译到您的Nginx版本中。 您需要获取不同的版本或从源代码构build。
我有一个从源代码构build Amazon Linux / Centos的教程 ，这很容易。 关键部分如下。 我已经删除了部分caching清除和Google Pagespeed。 由于你在Ubuntu上，你将使用apt-get而不是yum，如果你不能处理细节，就可能需要另外一个教程，就像Digital Ocean的这个教程一样，只要确保你包含模块我指出，头一个也是有用的。
cd /home/ec2-user mkdir nginx-build cd nginx-build service nginx stop yum groupinstall "Development Tools" yum install pcre-devel zlib-devel openssl-devel wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.11.4.tar.gz # Update to the latest availble wget https://github.com/openresty/headers-more-nginx-module/archive/v0.31.tar.gz tar -xzf nginx-1.9.11.tar.gz tar -xzf v0.31.tar.gz cd nginx-1.11.4 # Note that I have no idea what the next line does but it was in the official guide PS_NGX_EXTRA_FLAGS="--with-cc=/opt/rh/devtoolset-2/root/usr/bin/gcc" # Safe option, slower, lots of modules included #./configure --prefix=/etc/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/var/run/nginx.lock --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/client_temp --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/proxy_temp --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/uwsgi_temp --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/scgi_temp --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_addition_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_auth_request_module --with-threads --with-stream --with-stream_ssl_module --with-http_slice_module --with-mail --with-mail_ssl_module --with-file-aio --with-ipv6 --with-http_v2_module --with-cc-opt='-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic' --add-module=/tmp/headers-more-nginx-module-0.29 --with-http_realip_module # Many plugins removed, extra optimisations including some JUST for the machine it's compiled on ./configure --prefix=/etc/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/var/run/nginx.lock --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/client_temp --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/proxy_temp --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/uwsgi_temp --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/scgi_temp --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-threads --with-file-aio --with-ipv6 --with-http_v2_module --with-cc-opt='-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=native' --add-module=../headers-more-nginx-module-0.31 --with-http_realip_module make && make install make clean (NB: optional) service nginx start