我正在尝试按照以下教程设置邮件服务器： https : //www.linode.com/docs/email/postfix/email-with-postfix-dovecot-and-mysql#sph_dovecot
我之前已经使用这个教程设置了一个邮件服务器，但是我有一个发送邮件的问题。 我可以收到他们没有任何问题。
如果我尝试用telnet telnet 92.243.20.113 25发送电子邮件telnet 92.243.20.113 25
我在/var/log/mail.log获得了以下日志
Mar 11 17:07:15 server01 postfix/smtpd[10648]: dict_mysql: successful query from host 127.0.0.1 Mar 11 17:07:15 server01 postfix/smtpd[10648]: dict_mysql_lookup: retrieved 0 rows Mar 11 17:07:15 server01 postfix/smtpd[10648]: maps_find: virtual_alias_maps: @hotmail.com: not found Mar 11 17:07:15 server01 postfix/smtpd[10648]: mail_addr_find: [email protected] -> (not found) Mar 11 17:07:15 server01 postfix/smtpd[10648]: before input_transp_cleanup: cleanup flags = enable_header_body_filter enable_automatic_bcc enable_address_mapping enable_milters Mar 11 17:07:15 server01 postfix/smtpd[10648]: after input_transp_cleanup: cleanup flags = enable_header_body_filter enable_automatic_bcc enable_address_mapping Mar 11 17:07:15 server01 postfix/smtpd[10648]: connect to subsystem public/cleanup Mar 11 17:07:15 server01 postfix/smtpd[10648]: public/cleanup socket: wanted attribute: queue_id Mar 11 17:07:15 server01 postfix/smtpd[10648]: input attribute name: queue_id Mar 11 17:07:15 server01 postfix/smtpd[10648]: input attribute value: 8ACE3260AC Mar 11 17:07:15 server01 postfix/smtpd[10648]: public/cleanup socket: wanted attribute: (list terminator) Mar 11 17:07:15 server01 postfix/smtpd[10648]: input attribute name: (end) Mar 11 17:07:15 server01 postfix/smtpd[10648]: send attr flags = 178 Mar 11 17:07:15 server01 postfix/smtpd[10648]: 8ACE3260AC: client=localhost[127.0.0.1] Mar 11 17:07:15 server01 postfix/smtpd[10648]: > localhost[127.0.0.1]: 250 2.1.5 Ok Mar 11 17:07:53 server01 postfix/smtpd[10648]: < localhost[127.0.0.1]: data Mar 11 17:07:53 server01 postfix/smtpd[10648]: > localhost[127.0.0.1]: 354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF> Mar 11 17:07:56 server01 postfix/cleanup[10655]: 8ACE3260AC: message-id=<[email protected]> Mar 11 17:07:56 server01 postfix/smtpd[10648]: public/cleanup socket: wanted attribute: status Mar 11 17:07:56 server01 postfix/smtpd[10648]: input attribute name: status Mar 11 17:07:56 server01 postfix/smtpd[10648]: input attribute value: 0 Mar 11 17:07:56 server01 postfix/smtpd[10648]: public/cleanup socket: wanted attribute: reason Mar 11 17:07:56 server01 postfix/smtpd[10648]: input attribute name: reason Mar 11 17:07:56 server01 postfix/smtpd[10648]: input attribute value: (end) Mar 11 17:07:56 server01 postfix/smtpd[10648]: public/cleanup socket: wanted attribute: (list terminator) Mar 11 17:07:56 server01 postfix/smtpd[10648]: input attribute name: (end) Mar 11 17:07:56 server01 postfix/smtpd[10648]: > localhost[127.0.0.1]: 250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as 8ACE3260AC Mar 11 17:07:56 server01 postfix/qmgr[10559]: 8ACE3260AC: from=<[email protected]>, size=316, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Mar 11 17:07:56 server01 postfix/smtp[10657]: 8ACE3260AC: to=<[email protected]>, relay=none, delay=55, delays=55/0.01/0/0, dsn=4.4.3, status=deferred (Host or domain name not found. Name service error for name=hotmail.com type=MX: Host not found, try again) Mar 11 17:09:11 server01 postfix/smtpd[10648]: < localhost[127.0.0.1]: quit Mar 11 17:09:11 server01 postfix/smtpd[10648]: > localhost[127.0.0.1]: 221 2.0.0 Bye Mar 11 17:09:11 server01 postfix/smtpd[10648]: match_hostname: localhost ~? 127.0.0.0/8 Mar 11 17:09:11 server01 postfix/smtpd[10648]: match_hostaddr: 127.0.0.1 ~? 127.0.0.0/8 Mar 11 17:09:11 server01 postfix/smtpd[10648]: disconnect from localhost[127.0.0.1] Mar 11 17:09:11 server01 postfix/smtpd[10648]: master_notify: status 1 Mar 11 17:09:11 server01 postfix/smtpd[10648]: connection closed Mar 11 17:09:11 server01 postfix/smtpd[10648]: proxymap stream disconnect Mar 11 17:09:11 server01 postfix/smtpd[10648]: auto_clnt_close: disconnect private/tlsmgr stream Mar 11 17:09:11 server01 postfix/smtpd[10648]: rewrite stream disconnect Mar 11 17:09:24 server01 postfix/qmgr[10559]: 7DABD2608F: from=<[email protected]>, size=342, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Mar 11 17:09:24 server01 postfix/qmgr[10559]: 1B74C260A5: from=<[email protected]>, size=333, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Mar 11 17:09:24 server01 postfix/smtp[10661]: 1B74C260A5: to=<[email protected]>, relay=none, delay=461, delays=461/0.01/0/0, dsn=4.4.3, status=deferred (Host or domain name not found. Name service error for name=blabla.org type=MX: Host not found, try again) Mar 11 17:09:27 server01 postfix/smtp[10657]: 7DABD2608F: to=<[email protected]>, relay=spool.mail.gandi.net[217.70.184.6]:25, delay=4995, delays=4992/0/0.02/3, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as 78645142298) Mar 11 17:09:27 server01 postfix/qmgr[10559]: 7DABD2608F: removed Mar 11 17:10:51 server01 postfix/smtpd[10648]: idle timeout -- exiting
在这里我的POSTFIX main.cf
smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu) biff = no # appending .domain is the MUA's job. append_dot_mydomain = no # Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings #delay_warning_time = 4h readme_directory = no # TLS parameters smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/emalsys.eu.crt smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/emalsys.eu.key smtpd_use_tls=yes smtpd_tls_auth_only = yes #Enabling SMTP for authenticated users, and handing off authentication to Dovecot smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated, permit_mynetworks, reject_unauth_destination #smtpd_relay_restrictions = permit_mynetworks permit_sasl_authenticated defer_unauth_destination myhostname = server01.emalsys.eu alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases myorigin = /etc/mailname #mydestination = server01.emalsys.eu, localhost.emalsys.eu, , localhost mydestination = localhost relayhost = mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 mailbox_size_limit = 0 recipient_delimiter = + inet_interfaces = all inet_protocols = all #Handing off local delivery to Dovecot's LMTP, and telling it where to store mail virtual_transport = lmtp:unix:private/dovecot-lmtp #Virtual domains, users, and aliases virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-domains.cf virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-mailbox-maps.cf virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual-alias-maps.cf
我试图接收电子邮件，他们正常到达，并在/var/mail/vhosts/test.eu/address创build文件和时间的一些邮件发送（这似乎是随机的）。 如果我多次使用电话网发送电子邮件，很less会出去！ 如果有人有一个想法？
编辑我的DNS区域文件：
@ 10800 IN A 92.243.20.113 servertest 10800 IN A 92.243.20.113 www 10800 IN CNAME emalsys.eu. @ 10800 IN MX 10 emalsys.eu. @ 10800 IN MX 10 servertest.emalsys.eu. emalsys.eu 10800 IN MX 20 servertest.emalsys.eu.
编辑2：我的/etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 2001:4b98:dc0:49::225 nameserver 217.70.184.225 nameserver 217.70.184.226 options timeout:1 attempts:3 rotate
DIG输出
; <<>> DiG 9.9.5-3ubuntu0.2-Ubuntu <<>> hotmail.com ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 5163 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 4, AUTHORITY: 4, ADDITIONAL: 9 ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION: ; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;hotmail.com. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: hotmail.com. 1112 IN A 157.56.172.28 hotmail.com. 1112 IN A 65.55.77.28 hotmail.com. 1112 IN A 65.55.85.12 hotmail.com. 1112 IN A 157.55.152.112 ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: hotmail.com. 65271 IN NS ns4.msft.net. hotmail.com. 65271 IN NS ns3.msft.net. hotmail.com. 65271 IN NS ns1.msft.net. hotmail.com. 65271 IN NS ns2.msft.net. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: ns1.msft.net. 257 IN A 208.84.0.53 ns1.msft.net. 257 IN AAAA 2620:0:30::53 ns2.msft.net. 65271 IN A 208.84.2.53 ns2.msft.net. 65271 IN AAAA 2620:0:32::53 ns3.msft.net. 257 IN A 193.221.113.53 ns3.msft.net. 257 IN AAAA 2620:0:34::53 ns4.msft.net. 65271 IN A 208.76.45.53 ns4.msft.net. 65271 IN AAAA 2620:0:37::53 ;; Query time: 1 msec ;; SERVER: 2001:4b98:dc0:49::225#53(2001:4b98:dc0:49::225) ;; WHEN: Thu Mar 12 18:01:49 CET 2015 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 360 root@servertest:/var/mail/vhosts/emalsys.eu/alert/new# nano /etc/resolv.conf root@servertest:/var/mail/vhosts/emalsys.eu/alert/new# dig hotmail.com ; <<>> DiG 9.9.5-3ubuntu0.2-Ubuntu <<>> hotmail.com ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 27077 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 4, AUTHORITY: 4, ADDITIONAL: 9 ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION: ; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;hotmail.com. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: hotmail.com. 878 IN A 65.55.77.28 hotmail.com. 878 IN A 65.55.85.12 hotmail.com. 878 IN A 157.55.152.112 hotmail.com. 878 IN A 157.56.172.28 ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: hotmail.com. 65037 IN NS ns3.msft.net. hotmail.com. 65037 IN NS ns2.msft.net. hotmail.com. 65037 IN NS ns1.msft.net. hotmail.com. 65037 IN NS ns4.msft.net. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: ns1.msft.net. 23 IN A 208.84.0.53 ns1.msft.net. 23 IN AAAA 2620:0:30::53 ns2.msft.net. 65037 IN A 208.84.2.53 ns2.msft.net. 65037 IN AAAA 2620:0:32::53 ns3.msft.net. 23 IN A 193.221.113.53 ns3.msft.net. 23 IN AAAA 2620:0:34::53 ns4.msft.net. 65037 IN A 208.76.45.53 ns4.msft.net. 65037 IN AAAA 2620:0:37::53 ;; Query time: 0 msec ;; SERVER: 2001:4b98:dc0:49::225#53(2001:4b98:dc0:49::225) ;; WHEN: Thu Mar 12 18:05:43 CET 2015 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 360
我尝试与雅虎和Gmail，它是一样的样子
编辑iptables规则：
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 26169 packets, 3116K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 27746 packets, 5201K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 209 packets, 1045K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 123 packets, 9955 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
编辑5：成功的邮件发送
Mar 12 16:41:51 localhost postfix/smtp[21764]: 603F624A1D: to=<[email protected]>, relay=spool.mail.gandi.net[217.70.184.6]:25, delay=25, delays=22/0/0.01/3, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as 75F9511648D) Mar 12 16:41:51 localhost postfix/qmgr[21542]: 603F624A1D: removed
编辑6试图挖掘与Postfix的用户
admin@servertest:~$ sudo -u postfix dig mx hotmail.com sudo: unable to resolve host servertest [sudo] password for admin: ; <<>> DiG 9.9.5-3ubuntu0.2-Ubuntu <<>> mx hotmail.com ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 22487 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 4, AUTHORITY: 4, ADDITIONAL: 73 ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION: ; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;hotmail.com. IN MX ;; ANSWER SECTION: hotmail.com. 2771 IN MX 5 mx3.hotmail.com. hotmail.com. 2771 IN MX 5 mx4.hotmail.com. hotmail.com. 2771 IN MX 5 mx1.hotmail.com. hotmail.com. 2771 IN MX 5 mx2.hotmail.com. ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: hotmail.com. 63891 IN NS ns1.msft.net. hotmail.com. 63891 IN NS ns4.msft.net. hotmail.com. 63891 IN NS ns3.msft.net. hotmail.com. 63891 IN NS ns2.msft.net. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: mx1.hotmail.com. 2731 IN A 65.55.92.168 mx1.hotmail.com. 2731 IN A 65.55.92.184 mx1.hotmail.com. 2731 IN A 207.46.8.167 [..] I removed lines to make the edit lighter mx4.hotmail.com. 2737 IN A 65.54.188.126 mx4.hotmail.com. 2737 IN A 65.55.33.119 mx4.hotmail.com. 2737 IN A 65.55.33.135 mx4.hotmail.com. 2737 IN A 65.55.37.72 mx4.hotmail.com. 2737 IN A 65.55.37.88 mx4.hotmail.com. 2737 IN A 65.55.37.104 mx4.hotmail.com. 2737 IN A 65.55.37.120 ns1.msft.net. 81 IN A 208.84.0.53 ns1.msft.net. 81 IN AAAA 2620:0:30::53 ns2.msft.net. 63891 IN A 208.84.2.53 ns2.msft.net. 63891 IN AAAA 2620:0:32::53 ns3.msft.net. 81 IN A 193.221.113.53 ns3.msft.net. 81 IN AAAA 2620:0:34::53 ns4.msft.net. 63891 IN A 208.76.45.53 ns4.msft.net. 63891 IN AAAA 2620:0:37::53 ;; Query time: 2 msec ;; SERVER: 2001:4b98:dc0:49::225#53(2001:4b98:dc0:49::225) ;; WHEN: Thu Mar 12 18:24:49 CET 2015 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 1400
Host or domain name not found. Name service error for name=hotmail.com
和
Host or domain name not found. Name service error for name=blabla.org
使它看起来很像你的DNS不工作 – 具体地说，邮件服务器上的名称parsing不起作用。 您将需要/etc/resolv.conf列出的工作名称服务器，并且您不需要在防火墙中阻止DNS查询，以便发送出站邮件。
编辑 ：你引用上面的iptables规则不仅孤立无用（请参阅我的评论下面我们现在需要什么信息），但INPUT规则是错误的; 他们需要说--sport 53 ，而不是--dport 53 ，以允许DNS响应。 目前，我非常怀疑你是否阻止了你自己的DNS查找，但是直到我们看到我所请求的iptables和ip6tables输出，我们才肯定知道。
/etc/resolv.conf和/etc/nsswitch.conf什么权限？ 它们应该是所有用户都可读的（后缀不作为root运行）。
快速search“postfix resolv.conf权限”的网页表明，只有一个或两个这些文件只能被root用户读取，才能导致这种行为。
尽pipe这些文件的权限是正确的（请参阅下面的raphael_b的评论）我仍然怀疑，这可能是问题的根源，因为DNS查找是在命令行上确定（我假设是以root身份运行），但似乎是从postfix失败。
你可以尝试运行dig作为postfix用户？
sudo -u postfix dig mx hotmail.com
如果这样做的话，至less我们已经消除了文件权限问题（如果没有，我们还有更简单的问题要解决）。