我正在使用OS X NetInstall环境，并且遇到了BSDP部分的问题。
我有一些主机在同一个子网（构build）作为服务器，和其他子网上的其他主机（尝试）。 所有的主机的networking引导工作正常，如果他们发起了bless --server=...; reboot bless --server=...; reboot ，但只有当操作员在启动时按下“n”键时，本地子网上的主机才会工作。
我已经捕获了本地和远程尝试的数据包日志。 远程，不成功：
14:24:33.876853 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 47581, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 320) 10.26.52.1.bootps > install.build.releng.scl3.mozilla.com.bootps: [udp sum ok] BOOTP/DHCP, Request from 3c:07:54:72:51:6e (oui Unknown), length 292, hops 1, xid 0xb89628db, Flags [Broadcast] (0x8000) Gateway-IP 10.26.64.1 Client-Ethernet-Address 3c:07:54:72:51:6e (oui Unknown) Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions Magic Cookie 0x63825363 DHCP-Message Option 53, length 1: Discover Parameter-Request Option 55, length 7: Subnet-Mask, Default-Gateway, Domain-Name-Server, Domain-Name BF, Vendor-Option, Vendor-Class Client-ID Option 61, length 33: ether 3c:07:54:72:51:6e:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00 MSZ Option 57, length 2: 1500 END Option 255, length 0 14:24:33.890945 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 47586, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 332) 10.26.52.1.bootps > install.build.releng.scl3.mozilla.com.bootps: [udp sum ok] BOOTP/DHCP, Request from 3c:07:54:72:51:6e (oui Unknown), length 304, hops 1, xid 0xb89628db, Flags [Broadcast] (0x8000) Gateway-IP 10.26.64.1 Client-Ethernet-Address 3c:07:54:72:51:6e (oui Unknown) Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions Magic Cookie 0x63825363 DHCP-Message Option 53, length 1: Request Server-ID Option 54, length 4: admin1b.private.releng.scl3.mozilla.com Requested-IP Option 50, length 4: bld-lion-r5-025.try.releng.scl3.mozilla.com Parameter-Request Option 55, length 7: Subnet-Mask, Default-Gateway, Domain-Name-Server, Domain-Name BF, Vendor-Option, Vendor-Class Client-ID Option 61, length 33: ether 3c:07:54:72:51:6e:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00 MSZ Option 57, length 2: 1500 END Option 255, length 0 14:24:33.904325 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 47591, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 321) 10.26.52.1.bootps > install.build.releng.scl3.mozilla.com.bootps: [udp sum ok] BOOTP/DHCP, Request from 3c:07:54:72:51:6e (oui Unknown), length 293, hops 1, Flags [none] (0x0000) Client-IP bld-lion-r5-025.try.releng.scl3.mozilla.com Gateway-IP 10.26.64.1 Client-Ethernet-Address 3c:07:54:72:51:6e (oui Unknown) Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions Magic Cookie 0x63825363 Vendor-Option Option 43, length 7: 1.1.1.2.2.1.1 DHCP-Message Option 53, length 1: Inform Parameter-Request Option 55, length 2: Vendor-Option, Vendor-Class Vendor-Class Option 60, length 25: "AAPLBSDPC/i386/Macmini5,3" Client-ID Option 61, length 7: ether 3c:07:54:72:51:6e END Option 255, length 0 14:24:33.904532 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 62989, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 344, bad cksum 0 (->fb15)!) install.build.releng.scl3.mozilla.com.bootps > bld-lion-r5-025.try.releng.scl3.mozilla.com.bootpc: [bad udp cksum 2800!] BOOTP/DHCP, Reply, length 316, Flags [none] (0x0000) Client-IP bld-lion-r5-025.try.releng.scl3.mozilla.com Gateway-IP 10.26.64.1 Client-Ethernet-Address 3c:07:54:72:51:6e (oui Unknown) Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions Magic Cookie 0x63825363 DHCP-Message Option 53, length 1: ACK Server-ID Option 54, length 4: install.build.releng.scl3.mozilla.com Vendor-Class Option 60, length 9: "AAPLBSDPC" Vendor-Option Option 43, length 53: 1.1.1.4.2.127.147.7.4.130.0.0.111.9.38.130.0.0.111.33.68.101.112.108.111.121.83.116.117.100.105.111.82.117.110.116.105.109.101.45.49.50.48.56.48.56.45.49.54.52.56.49.49 END Option 255, length 0 14:24:34.855107 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 47607, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 340) 10.26.52.1.bootps > install.build.releng.scl3.mozilla.com.bootps: [udp sum ok] BOOTP/DHCP, Request from 3c:07:54:72:51:6e (oui Unknown), length 312, hops 1, Flags [none] (0x0000) Client-IP bld-lion-r5-025.try.releng.scl3.mozilla.com Gateway-IP 10.26.64.1 Client-Ethernet-Address 3c:07:54:72:51:6e (oui Unknown) Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions Magic Cookie 0x63825363 Vendor-Option Option 43, length 19: 1.1.2.2.2.1.1.3.4.0.0.0.0.8.4.0.0.0.0 DHCP-Message Option 53, length 1: Inform Parameter-Request Option 55, length 5: Subnet-Mask, Default-Gateway, BF, Vendor-Option Vendor-Class MSZ Option 57, length 2: 1500 Vendor-Class Option 60, length 25: "AAPLBSDPC/i386/Macmini5,3" Client-ID Option 61, length 7: ether 3c:07:54:72:51:6e END Option 255, length 0 14:25:31.633527 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 50616, offset
和当地的，成功的：
10:16:35.411562 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 11699, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 320) 0.0.0.0.bootpc > broadcasthost.bootps: [udp sum ok] BOOTP/DHCP, Request from 3c:07:54:72:50:55 (oui Unknown), length 292, xid 0xaab72db5, Flags [Broadcast] (0x8000) Client-Ethernet-Address 3c:07:54:72:50:55 (oui Unknown) Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions Magic Cookie 0x63825363 DHCP-Message Option 53, length 1: Discover Parameter-Request Option 55, length 7: Subnet-Mask, Default-Gateway, Domain-Name-Server, Domain-Name BF, Vendor-Option, Vendor-Class Client-ID Option 61, length 33: ether 3c:07:54:72:50:55:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00 MSZ Option 57, length 2: 1500 END Option 255, length 0 10:16:35.430759 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 11700, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 332) 0.0.0.0.bootpc > broadcasthost.bootps: [udp sum ok] BOOTP/DHCP, Request from 3c:07:54:72:50:55 (oui Unknown), length 304, xid 0xaab72db5, Flags [Broadcast] (0x8000) Client-Ethernet-Address 3c:07:54:72:50:55 (oui Unknown) Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions Magic Cookie 0x63825363 DHCP-Message Option 53, length 1: Request Server-ID Option 54, length 4: admin1a.private.releng.scl3.mozilla.com Requested-IP Option 50, length 4: bld-lion-r5-061.build.releng.scl3.mozilla.com Parameter-Request Option 55, length 7: Subnet-Mask, Default-Gateway, Domain-Name-Server, Domain-Name BF, Vendor-Option, Vendor-Class Client-ID Option 61, length 33: ether 3c:07:54:72:50:55:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00 MSZ Option 57, length 2: 1500 END Option 255, length 0 10:16:35.443251 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 11701, offset 0, flags [DF], proto UDP (17), length 321) bld-lion-r5-061.build.releng.scl3.mozilla.com.bootpc > broadcasthost.bootps: [udp sum ok] BOOTP/DHCP, Request from 3c:07:54:72:50:55 (oui Unknown), length 293, Flags [none] (0x0000) Client-IP bld-lion-r5-061.build.releng.scl3.mozilla.com Client-Ethernet-Address 3c:07:54:72:50:55 (oui Unknown) Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions Magic Cookie 0x63825363 Vendor-Option Option 43, length 7: 1.1.1.2.2.1.1 DHCP-Message Option 53, length 1: Inform Parameter-Request Option 55, length 2: Vendor-Option, Vendor-Class Vendor-Class Option 60, length 25: "AAPLBSDPC/i386/Macmini5,3" Client-ID Option 61, length 7: ether 3c:07:54:72:50:55 END Option 255, length 0 10:16:35.450882 ARP, Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Reply bld-lion-r5-061.build.releng.scl3.mozilla.com is-at 3c:07:54:72:50:55 (oui Unknown), length 46 10:16:35.450932 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 19478, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 350, bad cksum 0 (->b0e3)!) install.build.releng.scl3.mozilla.com.bootps > bld-lion-r5-061.build.releng.scl3.mozilla.com.bootpc: [bad udp cksum 32bc!] BOOTP/DHCP, Reply, length 322, Flags [none] (0x0000) Client-IP bld-lion-r5-061.build.releng.scl3.mozilla.com Gateway-IP 10.26.52.1 Client-Ethernet-Address 3c:07:54:72:50:55 (oui Unknown) Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions Magic Cookie 0x63825363 DHCP-Message Option 53, length 1: ACK Server-ID Option 54, length 4: install.build.releng.scl3.mozilla.com Vendor-Class Option 60, length 9: "AAPLBSDPC" Vendor-Option Option 43, length 59: 1.1.1.4.2.127.148.7.4.130.0.0.111.8.4.130.0.0.111.9.38.130.0.0.111.33.68.101.112.108.111.121.83.116.117.100.105.111.82.117.110.116.105.109.101.45.49.50.48.56.48.56.45.49.54.52.56.49.49 END Option 255, length 0 10:16:36.413631 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 11702, offset 0, flags [DF], proto UDP (17), length 340) bld-lion-r5-061.build.releng.scl3.mozilla.com.bootpc > broadcasthost.bootps: [udp sum ok] BOOTP/DHCP, Request from 3c:07:54:72:50:55 (oui Unknown), length 312, Flags [none] (0x0000) Client-IP bld-lion-r5-061.build.releng.scl3.mozilla.com Client-Ethernet-Address 3c:07:54:72:50:55 (oui Unknown) Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions Magic Cookie 0x63825363 Vendor-Option Option 43, length 19: 1.1.2.2.2.1.1.3.4.10.26.52.17.8.4.130.0.0.111 DHCP-Message Option 53, length 1: Inform Parameter-Request Option 55, length 5: Subnet-Mask, Default-Gateway, BF, Vendor-Option Vendor-Class MSZ Option 57, length 2: 1500 Vendor-Class Option 60, length 25: "AAPLBSDPC/i386/Macmini5,3" Client-ID Option 61, length 7: ether 3c:07:54:72:50:55 END Option 255, length 0 10:16:36.432718 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 33343, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 410, bad cksum 0 (->7a7e)!) install.build.releng.scl3.mozilla.com.bootps > bld-lion-r5-061.build.releng.scl3.mozilla.com.bootpc: [bad udp cksum 8830!] BOOTP/DHCP, Reply, length 382, Flags [none] (0x0000) Client-IP bld-lion-r5-061.build.releng.scl3.mozilla.com Server-IP install.build.releng.scl3.mozilla.com Client-Ethernet-Address 3c:07:54:72:50:55 (oui Unknown) sname "install.build.releng.scl3.mozilla.com" file "/private/tftpboot/NetBoot/NetBootSP0/DeployStudioRuntime-120808-164811.nbi/i386/booter" Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions Magic Cookie 0x63825363 DHCP-Message Option 53, length 1: ACK Server-ID Option 54, length 4: install.build.releng.scl3.mozilla.com Vendor-Class Option 60, length 9: "AAPLBSDPC" RP Option 17, length 96: "nfs:10.26.52.17:/Library/NetBoot/NetBootSP0:DeployStudioRuntime-120808-164811.nbi/NetInstall.dmg" Vendor-Option Option 43, length 21: 1.1.2.8.4.130.0.0.111.130.10.78.101.116.66.111.111.116.50.50.55 END Option 255, length 0 10:16:36.433832 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 45635, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 410, bad cksum 0 (->4a7a)!) install.build.releng.scl3.mozilla.com.bootps > bld-lion-r5-061.build.releng.scl3.mozilla.com.bootpc: [bad udp cksum 6cf2!] BOOTP/DHCP, Reply, length 382, Flags [none] (0x0000) Client-IP bld-lion-r5-061.build.releng.scl3.mozilla.com Server-IP install.build.releng.scl3.mozilla.com Gateway-IP 10.26.52.1 Client-Ethernet-Address 3c:07:54:72:50:55 (oui Unknown) sname "install.build.releng.scl3.mozilla.com" file "/private/tftpboot/NetBoot/NetBootSP0/DeployStudioRuntime-120808-164811.nbi/i386/booter" Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions Magic Cookie 0x63825363 DHCP-Message Option 53, length 1: ACK Server-ID Option 54, length 4: install.build.releng.scl3.mozilla.com Vendor-Class Option 60, length 9: "AAPLBSDPC" RP Option 17, length 96: "nfs:10.26.52.17:/Library/NetBoot/NetBootSP0:DeployStudioRuntime-120808-164811.nbi/NetInstall.dmg" Vendor-Option Option 43, length 21: 1.1.2.8.4.130.0.0.111.130.10.78.101.116.66.111.111.116.50.50.55 END Option 255, length 0
请注意，在成功的情况下，服务器发送第二个和第三个ACK（10：16：36.432718,10：16：36.433832），而在不成功的情况下，它不会。 数据包转储在服务器上被捕获，所以这些数据包没有被过滤 – 相反，它们根本不被发送。
挖掘到选项43的数据，苹果放置BSDP的具体信息 ，我看到的唯一区别是在第一个ACK：
不成功：
1.1.1 -- message type LIST 4.2.127.148 -- server priority 1164 7.4.130.0.0.111 -- ID of standard boot image = 0x8200006f 9.38.<remainder> -- List of boot images = {0x8200006f: "DeployStudioRuntime-120808-164811"}
成功：
1.1.1 -- message type LIST 4.2.127.148 -- server priority 1164 7.4.130.0.0.111 -- ID of standard boot image = 0x8200006f 8.4.130.0.0.111 -- ID of selected boot image = 0x8200006f 9.38.<remainder> -- List of boot images = {0x8200006f: "DeployStudioRuntime-120808-164811"}
这暗示着服务器在不成功的情况下拒绝服务于标准的启动映像，并在成功的情况下服务它。 在这种情况下，服务器不发送更晚的ACK是有意义的 – 它没有图像与客户端共享。
但是为什么bootpd会这样做呢？ 我该如何解决？