我有一个脚本，我正在使用从Microsoft更改本地pipe理员密码。 https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/2962486?wa=wsignin1.0是我find它的地方。 以下是懒得点击的人的脚本：

function Invoke-PasswordRoll { <# .SYNOPSIS This script can be used to set the local account passwords on remote machines to random passwords. The username/password/server combination will be saved in a CSV file. The account passwords stored in the CSV file can be encrypted using a password of the administrators choosing to ensure clear-text account passwords aren't written to disk. The encrypted passwords can be decrypted using another function in this file: ConvertTo-CleartextPassword Function: Invoke-PasswordRoll Author: Microsoft Version: 1.0 .DESCRIPTION This script can be used to set the local account passwords on remote machines to random passwords. The username/password/server combination will be saved in a CSV file. The account passwords stored in the CSV file can be encrypted using a password of the administrators choosing to ensure clear-text account passwords aren't written to disk. The encrypted passwords can be decrypted using another function in this file: ConvertTo-CleartextPassword .PARAMETER ComputerName An array of computers to run the script against using PowerShell remoting. .PARAMETER LocalAccounts An array of local accounts whose password should be changed. .PARAMETER TsvFileName The file to output the username/password/server combinations to. .PARAMETER EncryptionKey A password to encrypt the TSV file with. Uses AES encryption. Only the passwords stored in the TSV file will be encrypted, the username and servername will be clear-text. .PARAMETER PasswordLength The length of the passwords which will be randomly generated for local accounts. .PARAMETER NoEncryption Do not encrypt the account passwords stored in the TSV file. This will result in clear-text passwords being written to disk. .EXAMPLE . .\Invoke-PasswordRoll.ps1 #Loads the functions in this script file Invoke-PasswordRoll -ComputerName (Get-Content computerlist.txt) -LocalAccounts @ ("administrator","CustomLocalAdmin") -TsvFileName "LocalAdminCredentials.tsv" -EncryptionKey "Password1" Connects to all the computers stored in the file "computerlist.txt". If the local account "administrator" and/or "CustomLocalAdmin" are present on the system, their password is changed to a randomly generated password of length 20 (the default). The username/password/server combinations are stored in LocalAdminCredentials.tsv, and the account passwords are AES encrypted using the password "Password1". .EXAMPLE . .\Invoke-PasswordRoll.ps1 #Loads the functions in this script file Invoke-PasswordRoll -ComputerName (Get-Content computerlist.txt) -LocalAccounts @("administrator") -TsvFileName "LocalAdminCredentials.tsv" -NoEncryption -PasswordLength 40 Connects to all the computers stored in the file "computerlist.txt". If the local account "administrator" is present on the system, its password is changed to a random generated password of length 40. The username/password/server combinations are stored in LocalAdminCredentials.tsv unencrypted. .NOTES Requirements: -PowerShellv2 or above must be installed -PowerShell remoting must be enabled on all systems the script will be run against Script behavior: -If a local account is present on the system, but not specified in the LocalAccounts parameter, the script will write a warning to the screen to alert you to the presence of this local account. The script will continue running when this happens. -If a local account is specified in the LocalAccounts parameter, but the account does not exist on the computer, nothing will happen (an account will NOT be created). -The function ConvertTo-CleartextPassword, contained in this file, can be used to decrypt passwords that are stored encrypted in the TSV file. -If a server specified in ComputerName cannot be connected to, PowerShell will output an error message. -Microsoft advises companies to regularly roll all local and domain account passwords. #> [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName="Encryption")] Param( [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)] [String[]] $ComputerName, [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)] [String[]] $LocalAccounts, [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)] [String] $TsvFileName, [Parameter(ParameterSetName="Encryption", Mandatory=$true)] [String] $EncryptionKey, [Parameter()] [ValidateRange(20,120)] [Int] $PasswordLength = 20, [Parameter(ParameterSetName="NoEncryption", Mandatory=$true)] [Switch] $NoEncryption ) #Load any needed .net classes Add-Type -AssemblyName "System.Web" -ErrorAction Stop #This is the scriptblock that will be executed on every computer specified in ComputerName $RemoteRollScript = { Param( [Parameter(Mandatory=$true, Position=1)] [String[]] $Passwords, [Parameter(Mandatory=$true, Position=2)] [String[]] $LocalAccounts, #This is here so I can record what the server name that the script connected to was, sometimes the DNS records get messed up, it can be nice to have this. [Parameter(Mandatory=$true, Position=3)] [String] $TargettedServerName ) $LocalUsers = Get-WmiObject Win32_UserAccount -Filter "LocalAccount=true" | Foreach {$_.Name} #Check if the computer has any local user accounts whose passwords are not going to be rolled by this script foreach ($User in $LocalUsers) { if ($LocalAccounts -inotcontains $User) { Write-Warning "Server: '$($TargettedServerName)' has a local account '$($User)' whos password is NOT being changed by this script" } } #For every local account specified that exists on this server, change the password $PasswordIndex = 0 foreach ($LocalAdmin in $LocalAccounts) { $Password = $Passwords[$PasswordIndex] if ($LocalUsers -icontains $LocalAdmin) { try { $objUser = [ADSI]"WinNT://localhost/$($LocalAdmin), user" $objUser.psbase.Invoke("SetPassword", $Password) $Properties = @{ TargettedServerName = $TargettedServerName Username = $LocalAdmin Password = $Password RealServerName = $env:computername } $ReturnData = New-Object PSObject -Property $Properties Write-Output $ReturnData } catch { Write-Error "Error changing password for user:$($LocalAdmin) on server: $($TargettedServerName)" } } $PasswordIndex++ } } #Generate the password on the client running this script, not on the remote machine. System.Web.Security isn't available in the .NET Client profile. Making this call # on the client running the script ensures only 1 computer needs the full .NET runtime installed (as opposed to every system having the password rolled). function Create-RandomPassword { Param( [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)] [ValidateRange(20,120)] [Int] $PasswordLength ) $Password = [System.Web.Security.Membership]::GeneratePassword($PasswordLength, $PasswordLength / 4) #This should never fail, but I'm putting a sanity check here anyways if ($Password.Length -ne $PasswordLength) { throw new Exception("Password returned by GeneratePassword is not the same length as required. Required length: $($PasswordLength). Generated length: $($Password.Length)") } return $Password } #Main functionality - Generate a password and remote in to machines to change the password of local accounts specified if ($PsCmdlet.ParameterSetName -ieq "Encryption") { try { $Sha256 = new-object System.Security.Cryptography.SHA256CryptoServiceProvider $SecureStringKey = $Sha256.ComputeHash([System.Text.UnicodeEncoding]::Unicode.GetBytes ($EncryptionKey)) } catch { Write-Error "Error creating TSV encryption key" -ErrorAction Stop } } foreach ($Computer in $ComputerName) { #Need to generate 1 password for each account that could be changed $Passwords = @() for ($i = 0; $i -lt $LocalAccounts.Length; $i++) { $Passwords += Create-RandomPassword -PasswordLength $PasswordLength } Write-Output "Connecting to server '$($Computer)' to roll specified local admin passwords" $Result = Invoke-Command -ScriptBlock $RemoteRollScript -ArgumentList @($Passwords, $LocalAccounts, $Computer) -ComputerName $Computer #If encryption is being used, encrypt the password with the user supplied key prior to writing to disk if ($Result -ne $null) { if ($PsCmdlet.ParameterSetName -ieq "NoEncryption") { $Result | Select-Object Username,Password,TargettedServerName,RealServerName | Export-Csv - Append -Path $TsvFileName -NoTypeInformation } else { #Filters out $null entries returned $Result = $Result | Select-Object Username,Password,TargettedServerName,RealServerName foreach ($Record in $Result) { $PasswordSecureString = ConvertTo-SecureString -AsPlainText -Force -String ($Record.Password) $Record | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name EncryptedPassword -Value (ConvertFrom- SecureString -Key $SecureStringKey -SecureString $PasswordSecureString) $Record.PSObject.Properties.Remove("Password") $Record | Select-Object Username,EncryptedPassword,TargettedServerName,RealServerName | Export-Csv -Append -Path $TsvFileName -NoTypeInformation } } } } } function ConvertTo-CleartextPassword { <# .SYNOPSIS This function can be used to decrypt passwords that were stored encrypted by the function Invoke-PasswordRoll. Function: ConvertTo-CleartextPassword Author: Microsoft Version: 1.0 .DESCRIPTION This function can be used to decrypt passwords that were stored encrypted by the function Invoke-PasswordRoll. .PARAMETER EncryptedPassword The encrypted password that was stored in a TSV file. .PARAMETER EncryptionKey The password used to do the encryption. .EXAMPLE . .\Invoke-PasswordRoll.ps1 #Loads the functions in this script file ConvertTo-CleartextPassword -EncryptionKey "Password1" -EncryptedPassword 76492d1116743f0423413b16050a5345MgB8AGcAZgBaAHUAaQBwADAAQgB2AGgAcABNADMASwBaAFoAQQBzADEAeABjAEEAPQA9AHwAZgBiAGYA MAA1ADYANgA2ADEANwBkADQAZgAwADMANABjAGUAZQAxAGIAMABiADkANgBiADkAMAA4ADcANwBhADMAYQA3AGYAOABkADcAMQA5ADQAMwBmAGYA NQBhADEAYQBjADcANABkADIANgBhADUANwBlADgAMAAyADQANgA1ADIAOQA0AGMAZQA0ADEAMwAzADcANQAyADUANAAzADYAMAA1AGEANgAzADEA MQA5ADAAYwBmADQAZAA2AGQA" Decrypts the encrypted password which was stored in the TSV file. #> Param( [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)] [String] $EncryptedPassword, [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)] [String] $EncryptionKey ) $Sha256 = new-object System.Security.Cryptography.SHA256CryptoServiceProvider $SecureStringKey = $Sha256.ComputeHash([System.Text.UnicodeEncoding]::Unicode.GetBytes($EncryptionKey)) [SecureString]$SecureStringPassword = ConvertTo-SecureString -String $EncryptedPassword -Key $SecureStringKey Write-Output ([System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::PtrToStringAuto ([System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SecureStringToCoTaskMemUnicode($SecureStringPassword))) } 

当我运行脚本使用：

 Invoke-PasswordRoll -ComputerName (Get-Content computerlist.txt) -LocalAccounts @("administrator","CustomLocalAdmin") -TsvFileName "LocalAdminCredentials.tsv" -EncryptionKey "Password1" 

它会更改目标计算机上的密码，但不会将其更改为“Password1”。 这个脚本到底在做什么？

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 $LocalAdminPW = "0urAdminP@ssword" #the password that is used to set as the local admin password $EncryptionPW = "0urEncryptionP@ssword" #password to encrypt and decrypt the password $File = "C:\Temp\Password.tsv" #file to create #Create encryption key $Sha256 = new-object System.Security.Cryptography.SHA256CryptoServiceProvider $SecureStringKey = $Sha256.ComputeHash([System.Text.UnicodeEncoding]::Unicode.GetBytes($EncryptionPW)) #Encrypt the password with the user supplied encryption password PasswordSecureString = ConvertTo-SecureString -AsPlainText -Force -String $LocalAdminPW #Create TSV-File with the encrypted password ConvertFrom-SecureString -Key $SecureStringKey -SecureString $PasswordSecureString | Out-File -Force -FilePath "$File" #Gathering the new encrypted password for the local administrator account $LocalAdminPW = Get-Content $FileLocation 

 #function to get decrypted password Function Get-DecryptedPassword { [CmdletBinding()] param( $EncryptedPW, $LocalAdminPW ) #Decrypt the password with the user supplied encryption password $Sha256 = new-object System.Security.Cryptography.SHA256CryptoServiceProvider $SecureStringKey = $Sha256.ComputeHash([System.Text.UnicodeEncoding]::Unicode.GetBytes($EncryptionPW)) [SecureString]$SecureStringPassword = ConvertTo-SecureString -String $LocalAdminPW -Key $SecureStringKey return ([System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::PtrToStringAuto([System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SecureStringToCoTaskMemUnicode($SecureStringPassword))) } #Change password local admin account $LocalAdmin = "Administrator" $objUser = [ADSI]"WinNT://localhost/$($LocalAdmin), user" $objUser.psbase.Invoke("SetPassword", (Get-DecryptedPassword -EncryptedPW $EncryptionPW -LocalAdminPW $LocalAdminPW))