我注意到一个垃圾邮件发送者通过了postgrey和SpamAssassin，这很奇怪。 我检查了/var/log/mail.log并看到一些疑点：
logging下面，或在Pastebin： http : //pastebin.com/k7sKnvGE
Jul 19 07:59:06 mail postfix/smtpd[15492]: connect from unknown[37.215.63.185] Jul 19 07:59:07 mail postfix/smtpd[15492]: NOQUEUE: reject_warning: RCPT from unknown[37.215.63.185]: 504 5.5.2 <37.215.63.185>: Helo command rejected: need fully-qualified hostname; from=<> to=<[email protected]> proto=SMTP helo=<37.215.63.185> Jul 19 07:59:07 mail postgrey[13086]: action=pass, reason=triplet found, delay=316, client_name=unknown, client_address=37.215.63.185, [email protected] Jul 19 07:59:07 mail postfix/smtpd[15492]: B8D5D20BDD: client=unknown[37.215.63.185] Jul 19 07:59:09 mail postfix/cleanup[15500]: B8D5D20BDD: message-id=<> Jul 19 07:59:09 mail postfix/qmgr[3224]: B8D5D20BDD: from=<>, size=493, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Jul 19 07:59:09 mail amavis[11960]: (11960-14) NOTICE: reconnecting in response to: err=2006, HY000, DBD::mysql::st execute failed: MySQL server has gone away at (eval 111) line 170, <GEN39> line 9463. Jul 19 07:59:10 mail postfix/smtpd[15492]: disconnect from unknown[37.215.63.185] Jul 19 07:59:11 mail postfix/smtpd[15505]: connect from localhost[127.0.0.1] Jul 19 07:59:11 mail postfix/smtpd[15505]: 96E1820C16: client=localhost[127.0.0.1] Jul 19 07:59:11 mail postfix/cleanup[15500]: 96E1820C16: message-id=<[email protected]> Jul 19 07:59:11 mail postfix/qmgr[3224]: 96E1820C16: from=<>, size=1166, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Jul 19 07:59:11 mail postfix/smtpd[15505]: disconnect from localhost[127.0.0.1] Jul 19 07:59:11 mail amavis[11960]: (11960-14) Passed CLEAN {RelayedInbound}, [37.215.63.185]:55743 <> -> <[email protected]>, Queue-ID: B8D5D20BDD, mail_id: d6hKjzEiMtex, Hits: 1.296, size: 493, queued_as: 96E1820C16, 2128 ms Jul 19 07:59:11 mail postfix/smtp[15502]: B8D5D20BDD: to=<[email protected]>, relay=127.0.0.1[127.0.0.1]:10024, delay=4.2, delays=2.1/0.01/0.01/2.1, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (250 2.0.0 from MTA(smtp:[127.0.0.1]:10025): 250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as 96E1820C16) Jul 19 07:59:11 mail postfix/qmgr[3224]: B8D5D20BDD: removed Jul 19 07:59:11 mail dovecot: auth-worker(15508): mysql(localhost): Connected to database vimbadmin Jul 19 07:59:11 mail dovecot: lda([email protected]): sieve: msgid=<[email protected]>: stored mail into mailbox 'INBOX' Jul 19 07:59:11 mail postfix/pipe[15506]: 96E1820C16: to=<[email protected]>, relay=dovecot, delay=0.05, delays=0/0/0/0.04, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (delivered via dovecot service) Jul 19 07:59:11 mail postfix/qmgr[3224]: 96E1820C16: removed
我不知道是否有人利用服务器欺骗本地主机，或者如果Amavis或MySQL失败，然后允许电子邮件通过。 任何洞察到这将不胜感激！
# See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version # The first text sent to a connecting process. smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name biff = no # appending .domain is the MUA's job. append_dot_mydomain = no readme_directory = no # SASL parameters # --------------------------------- # Use Dovecot to authenticate. smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot # Referring to /var/spool/postfix/private/auth smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous smtpd_sasl_local_domain = smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = yes # TLS parameters # --------------------------------- # The default snakeoil certificate. Comment if using a purchased # SSL certificate. #smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem #smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key # Uncomment if using a purchased SSL certificate. smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/mail.myhost.com/crt smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/mail.myhost.com/key # The snakeoil self-signed certificate has no need for a CA file. But # if you are using your own SSL certificate, then you probably have # a CA certificate bundle from your provider. The path to that goes # here. smtpd_tls_CAfile=/etc/ssl/mail.myhost.com/ca-bundle smtp_tls_note_starttls_offer = yes smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1 smtpd_tls_received_header = yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom #smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache #smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache # Note that forcing use of TLS is going to cause breakage - most mail servers # don't offer it and so delivery will fail, both incoming and outgoing. This is # unfortunate given what various governmental agencies are up to these days. # # Enable (but don't force) all incoming smtp connections to use TLS. smtpd_tls_security_level = may # Enable (but don't force) all outgoing smtp connections to use TLS. smtp_tls_security_level = may # See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for # information on enabling SSL in the smtp client. # SMTPD parameters # --------------------------------- # Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings #delay_warning_time = 4h # will it be a permanent error or temporary unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 450 # how long to keep message on queue before return as failed. # some have 3 days, I have 16 days as I am backup server for some people # whom go on holiday with their server switched off. maximal_queue_lifetime = 7d # max and min time in seconds between retries if connection failed minimal_backoff_time = 1000s maximal_backoff_time = 8000s # how long to wait when servers connect before receiving rest of data smtp_helo_timeout = 60s # how many address can be used in one message. # effective stopper to mass spammers, accidental copy in whole address list # but may restrict intentional mail shots. smtpd_recipient_limit = 16 # how many error before back off. smtpd_soft_error_limit = 3 # how many max errors before blocking it. smtpd_hard_error_limit = 12 # This next set are important for determining who can send mail and relay mail # to other servers. It is very important to get this right - accidentally producing # an open relay that allows unauthenticated sending of mail is a Very Bad Thing. # # You are encouraged to read up on what exactly each of these options accomplish. # Requirements for the HELO statement smtpd_helo_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, warn_if_reject reject_non_fqdn_hostname, reject_invalid_hostname, permit # Requirements for the sender details smtpd_sender_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated, permit_mynetworks, warn_if_reject reject_non_fqdn_sender, reject_unknown_sender_domain, reject_unauth_pipelining, permit # Requirements for the connecting server smtpd_client_restrictions = # Requirement for the recipient address. Note that the entry for # "check_policy_service inet:127.0.0.1:10023" enables Postgrey. smtpd_recipient_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining, permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_non_fqdn_recipient, reject_unknown_recipient_domain, reject_unauth_destination, check_policy_service inet:127.0.0.1:10023, permit smtpd_data_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining # This is a new option as of Postfix 2.10, and is required in addition to # smtpd_recipient_restrictions for things to work properly in this setup. #smtpd_relay_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining, permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_non_fqdn_recipient, reject_unknown_recipient_domain, reject_unauth_destination, check_policy_service inet:127.0.0.1:10023, permit # require proper helo at connections smtpd_helo_required = yes # waste spammers time before rejecting them smtpd_delay_reject = yes disable_vrfy_command = yes # General host and delivery info # ---------------------------------- myhostname = mail.myhost.com #myorigin = /etc/hostname # Some people see issues when setting mydestination explicitly to the server # subdomain, while leaving it empty generally doesn't hurt. So it is left empty here. # mydestination = mail.example.com, localhost mydestination = mail.myhost.com, localhost.localdomain, localhost # If you have a separate web server that sends outgoing mail through this # mailserver, you may want to add its IP address to the space-delimited list in # mynetworks, eg as 10.10.10.10/32. mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 mailbox_size_limit = 0 recipient_delimiter = + inet_interfaces = all mynetworks_style = host # This specifies where the virtual mailbox folders will be located. virtual_mailbox_base = /var/vmail # This is for the mailbox location for each user. The domainaliases # map allows us to make use of Postfix Admin's domain alias feature. #virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf, mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_domainaliases_maps.cf virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/vimb/virtual_mailbox_maps.cf # and their user id virtual_uid_maps = static:150 # and group id virtual_gid_maps = static:8 # This is for aliases. The domainaliases map allows us to make # use of Postfix Admin's domain alias feature. #virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf, mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_alias_domainaliases_maps.cf virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/vimb/virtual_alias_maps.cf # This is for domain lookups. #virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_domains_maps.cf virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/vimb/virtual_domains_maps.cf alias_maps=hash:/etc/aliases # Integration with other packages # --------------------------------------- # Tell postfix to hand off mail to the definition for dovecot in master.cf virtual_transport = dovecot #dovecot_destination_recipient_limit = 1 # Use amavis for virus and spam scanning content_filter = amavis:[127.0.0.1]:10024 # Header manipulation # -------------------------------------- # Getting rid of unwanted headers. See: https://posluns.com/guides/header-removal/ header_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/header_checks # getting rid of x-original-to enable_original_recipient = no
# # Postfix master process configuration file. For details on the format # of the file, see the master(5) manual page (command: "man 5 master"). # # Do not forget to execute "postfix reload" after editing this file. # # ========================================================================== # service type private unpriv chroot wakeup maxproc command + args # (yes) (yes) (yes) (never) (100) # ========================================================================== smtp inet n - - - - smtpd #smtp inet n - - - 1 postscreen #smtpd pass - - - - - smtpd #dnsblog unix - - - - 0 dnsblog #tlsproxy unix - - - - 0 tlsproxy #submission inet n - - - - smtpd # -o syslog_name=postfix/submission # -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt # -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes # -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject # -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING #smtps inet n - - - - smtpd # -o syslog_name=postfix/smtps # -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes # -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes # -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject # -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING #628 inet n - - - - qmqpd pickup fifo n - - 60 1 pickup -o content_filter= -o receive_override_options=no_header_body_checks cleanup unix n - - - 0 cleanup qmgr fifo n - n 300 1 qmgr #qmgr fifo n - n 300 1 oqmgr tlsmgr unix - - - 1000? 1 tlsmgr rewrite unix - - - - - trivial-rewrite bounce unix - - - - 0 bounce defer unix - - - - 0 bounce trace unix - - - - 0 bounce verify unix - - - - 1 verify flush unix n - - 1000? 0 flush proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap smtp unix - - - - - smtp relay unix - - - - - smtp # -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5 showq unix n - - - - showq error unix - - - - - error retry unix - - - - - error discard unix - - - - - discard local unix - nn - - local virtual unix - nn - - virtual lmtp unix - - - - - lmtp anvil unix - - - - 1 anvil scache unix - - - - 1 scache # # ==================================================================== # Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual # pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants. # # Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery # agent. See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient} # and other message envelope options. # ==================================================================== # # maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details. # Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1 # maildrop unix - nn - - pipe flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient} # # ==================================================================== # # Recent Cyrus versions can use the existing "lmtp" master.cf entry. # # Specify in cyrus.conf: # lmtp cmd="lmtpd -a" listen="localhost:lmtp" proto=tcp4 # # Specify in main.cf one or more of the following: # mailbox_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost # virtual_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost # # ==================================================================== # # Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux) # Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1 # #cyrus unix - nn - - pipe # user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user} # # ==================================================================== # Old example of delivery via Cyrus. # #old-cyrus unix - nn - - pipe # flags=R user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user} # # ==================================================================== # # See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details. # uucp unix - nn - - pipe flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient) # # Other external delivery methods. # ifmail unix - nn - - pipe flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient) bsmtp unix - nn - - pipe flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient scalemail-backend unix - nn - 2 pipe flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension} mailman unix - nn - - pipe flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py ${nexthop} ${user} # The next two entries integrate with Amavis for anti-virus/spam checks. amavis unix - - - - 2 smtp -o smtp_data_done_timeout=1200 -o smtp_send_xforward_command=yes -o disable_dns_lookups=yes -o max_use=20 127.0.0.1:10025 inet n - - - - smtpd -o content_filter= -o local_recipient_maps= -o relay_recipient_maps= -o smtpd_restriction_classes= -o smtpd_delay_reject=no -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,reject -o smtpd_helo_restrictions= -o smtpd_sender_restrictions= -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,reject -o smtpd_data_restrictions=reject_unauth_pipelining -o smtpd_end_of_data_restrictions= -o mynetworks=127.0.0.0/8 -o smtpd_error_sleep_time=0 -o smtpd_soft_error_limit=1001 -o smtpd_hard_error_limit=1000 -o smtpd_client_connection_count_limit=0 -o smtpd_client_connection_rate_limit=0 -o receive_override_options=no_header_body_checks,no_unknown_recipient_checks # Integration with Dovecot - hand mail over to it for local delivery, and # run the process under the vmail user and mail group. dovecot unix - nn - - pipe flags=DRhu user=vmail:mail argv=/usr/lib/dovecot/dovecot-lda -d $(recipient)
除了从masegaloeh的解释，我想指出， 为什么垃圾邮件发送者通过你的情况。 查看日志中的以下行：
Jul 19 07:59:07 mail postfix/smtpd[15492]: NOQUEUE: reject_warning: RCPT from unknown[37.215.63.185]: 504 5.5.2 <37.215.63.185>: Helo command rejected: need fully-qualified hostname; from=<> to=<[email protected]> proto=SMTP helo=<37.215.63.185>
这已经是解决你的问题的指令，所以让我们来看看你的configuration（注意warn_if_reject ：
smtpd_helo_restrictions = [...] warn_if_reject reject_non_fqdn_hostname, [...], permit smtpd_sender_restrictions = [...], warn_if_reject reject_non_fqdn_sender, [...], permit
您的日志说， reject_non_fqdn_hostname被触发，但被阻止并被转换为警告（您在日志中看到）。 删除它，垃圾邮件发送者被拒绝。
您将不会丢失任何使用reject_non_fqdn_hostname有效发件人，每个邮件服务器reject_non_fqdn_hostname正确设置，并为helo使用有效的FQDN。
编辑：请考虑收拾你的configuration:)其他人，你可以更好地在一个configuration，没有三个注释每行变种的方向。
上面的日志是来自postfix和amavis的预期行为。 对于amavis之后的队列内容filter，filter需要将邮件重新发送到postfix 。 欲了解更多信息，请参阅官方文件 。 这里解释一下postfix和amavis的动作。
Jul 19 07:59:06 mail postfix/smtpd[15492]: connect from unknown[37.215.63.185]
来自37.215.63.185的客户端连接到您的邮件服务器。
Jul 19 07:59:07 mail postfix/smtpd[15492]: NOQUEUE: reject_warning: RCPT from unknown[37.215.63.185]: 504 5.5.2 <37.215.63.185>: Helo command rejected: need fully-qualified hostname; from=<> to=<[email protected]> proto=SMTP helo=<37.215.63.185>
Postfix警告你，因为HELO命令包含非完全限定的主机名，但是它仍然通过电子邮件，因为你在main.cf指定了warn_if_reject 。
Jul 19 07:59:07 mail postgrey[13086]: action=pass, reason=triplet found, delay=316, client_name=unknown, client_address=37.215.63.185, [email protected]
Postgrey不会拒绝电子邮件，因为客户之前已经通过了Postgrey的检查。
Jul 19 07:59:07 mail postfix/smtpd[15492]: B8D5D20BDD: client=unknown[37.215.63.185] Jul 19 07:59:09 mail postfix/cleanup[15500]: B8D5D20BDD: message-id=<> Jul 19 07:59:09 mail postfix/qmgr[3224]: B8D5D20BDD: from=<>, size=493, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
因为传递所有的限制，Postfix将queue-id分配给电子邮件。 在这个阶段，posfix已经接受了电子邮件。
Jul 19 07:59:09 mail amavis[11960]: (11960-14) NOTICE: reconnecting in response to: err=2006, HY000, DBD::mysql::st execute failed: MySQL server has gone away at (eval 111) line 170, <GEN39> line 9463.
Postfix已经开始把你的电子邮件转移给amavis，那么amavis会通知你，mysql连接不成功。
Jul 19 07:59:10 mail postfix/smtpd[15492]: disconnect from unknown[37.215.63.185]
从37.215.63.185客户断开连接您的服务器，因为Postfix接受电子邮件。
Jul 19 07:59:11 mail postfix/smtpd[15505]: connect from localhost[127.0.0.1]
Amavis尝试将电子邮件重新注入端口10025.默认情况下，Amavis只有在电子邮件状态为PASSED CLEAN（基于下面的日志行）时才会重新插入邮件。
Jul 19 07:59:11 mail postfix/smtpd[15505]: 96E1820C16: client=localhost[127.0.0.1] Jul 19 07:59:11 mail postfix/cleanup[15500]: 96E1820C16: message-id=<[email protected]> Jul 19 07:59:11 mail postfix/qmgr[3224]: 96E1820C16: from=<>, size=1166, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
很明显，Postfix接受了amavis的电子邮件。
Jul 19 07:59:11 mail postfix/smtpd[15505]: disconnect from localhost[127.0.0.1]
Amavis已经完成发送过程
Jul 19 07:59:11 mail amavis[11960]: (11960-14) Passed CLEAN {RelayedInbound}, [37.215.63.185]:55743 <> -> <[email protected]>, Queue-ID: B8D5D20BDD, mail_id: d6hKjzEiMtex, Hits: 1.296, size: 493, queued_as: 96E1820C16, 2128 ms
Amavis在maillog中logging他的行动。 SpamAssasin得分相对较低（1.296），电子邮件通过所有amavis检查。
Jul 19 07:59:11 mail postfix/smtp[15502]: B8D5D20BDD: to=<[email protected]>, relay=127.0.0.1[127.0.0.1]:10024, delay=4.2, delays=2.1/0.01/0.01/2.1, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (250 2.0.0 from MTA(smtp:[127.0.0.1]:10025): 250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as 96E1820C16)
Postfix通知电子邮件扫描成功。
Jul 19 07:59:11 mail postfix/qmgr[3224]: B8D5D20BDD: removed
队列被删除。 然后将电子邮件发送给下面的鸽友。
Jul 19 07:59:11 mail dovecot: auth-worker(15508): mysql(localhost): Connected to database vimbadmin Jul 19 07:59:11 mail dovecot: lda([email protected]): sieve: msgid=<[email protected]>: stored mail into mailbox 'INBOX' Jul 19 07:59:11 mail postfix/pipe[15506]: 96E1820C16: to=<[email protected]>, relay=dovecot, delay=0.05, delays=0/0/0/0.04, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (delivered via dovecot service) Jul 19 07:59:11 mail postfix/qmgr[3224]: 96E1820C16: removed